Racisme | EPFL Graph Search

Le racisme est une idéologie qui, partant du postulat de l'existence de races au sein de l'espèce humaine, considère que certaines catégories de personnes sont intrinsèquement supérieures à d'autres. Il se différencie ainsi du racialisme qui, partant du même postulat, ne considère pas les races comme inégales. Cette idéologie peut amener à privilégier une catégorie de personne à une autre, qui se trouve reléguée à une classe sociale jugée inférieure et subit alors, de manière intersectionnelle, le mépris de classe en plus du racisme. Le Petit Larousse a deux définitions du racisme, au sens strict du terme, comme « idéologie fondée sur la croyance qu'il existe une hiérarchie entre les groupes humains, les « races » ; comportement inspiré par cette idéologie », et au sens large du terme, comme « une attitude d’hostilité répétée voire systématique à l’égard d’une catégorie déterminée de personnes ». Cette hostilité envers une autre appartenance sociale (que la diff

Excess success for three related papers on racial bias

Gregory Francis

Three related articles reported that racial bias altered perceptual experience and influenced decision-making. These findings have been applied to training programs for law enforcement, and elsewhere, to mitigate racial bias. However, a statistical analysis of each of the three articles finds that the reported experimental results should be rare, even if the theoretical ideas were correct. The analysis estimates that the probability of the reported experimental success for the articles is 0.003, 0.048, and 0.070, respectively. These low probabilities suggest that similar future work is unlikely to produce as successful outcomes and indicates that readers should be skeptical about the validity of the reported findings and their theoretical implications. The reported findings should not be used to guide policies related to racial bias, and new experimental work is needed to judge the merit of the theoretical ideas.

Frontiers Research Foundation2015

Embodying an outgroup: the role of racial bias and the effect of multisensory processing in somatosensory remapping

Andrea Serino

We come to understand other people's physical and mental states by re-mapping their bodily states onto our sensorimotor system. This process, also called somatosensory resonance, is an essential ability for social cognition and is stronger when observing in group than outgroup members. Here we investigated, first, whether implicit racial bias constrains somatosensory resonance, and second, whether increasing the ingroup/outgroup perceived physical similarity results in an increase in the somatosensory resonance for outgroup members. We used the Visual Remapping of Touch effect as an index of individuals' ability in resonating with the others, and the Implicit Association Test to measure racial bias. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to detect near-threshold tactile stimuli delivered to their own face while viewing either an ingroup or an outgroup face receiving a similar stimulation. Our results showed that individuals' tactile accuracy when viewing an outgroup face being touched was negatively correlated to their implicit racial bias. In Experiment 2, participants received the interpersonal multisensory stimulation (IMS) while observing an outgroup member. IMS has been found to increase the perceived physical similarity between the observer's and the observed body. We tested whether such increase in ingroup/outgroup perceived physical similarity increased there mapping ability for outgroup members. We found that after sharing IMS experience with an outgroup member, tactile accuracy when viewing touch on outgroup faces increased. Interestingly, participants with stronger implicit bias against the outgroup showed larger positive change in there mapping. We conclude that shared multisensory experiences might represent one key way to improve our ability to resonate with others by over coming the boundaries between in group and outgroup categories.

Frontiers Research Foundation2013

Embodying an outgroup: the role of racial bias and the effect of multisensory processing in somatosensory remapping

Andrea Serino

Frontiers Research Foundation2013