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Cancer cells are embedded in a microenvironment composed of stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, infiltrating immune cells, as well as non-cellular compartments such as the extracellular matrix and secreted soluble factors. For successful ...
Cyclooxyganase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in the prostaglandin synthesis pathway, is overexpressed in many cancers and contributes to cancer progression through tumor cell-autonomous and paracrine effects. Regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammat ...
BACKGROUND: Our earlier reports demonstrated that membrane-bound semaphorin 5A (SEMA5A) is expressed in aggressive pancreatic cancer cells and tumours, and promotes tumour growth and metastasis. In this study, we examine whether (1) pancreatic cancer cells ...
Angiopoietin-2 (ANG2/ANGPT2) has recently emerged as a promising target for the inhibition of tumor metastasis. In this issue of Cell Reports, Minami et al. show that the calcineurin-NFAT pathway promotes pulmonary tumor metastasis by inducing ANG2 in the ...
Metastasis is an inefficient process and most cancer cells fail to colonize secondary sites. There are several possible reasons for this. First, the nature of the infiltrating cells is important as a small population of cancer stem cells has been shown to ...
Chemokine-mediated directed tumor cell migration within a three dimensional (3D) matrix, or chemoinvasion, is an important early step in cancer metastasis. Despite its clinical importance, it is largely unknown how cytokine and growth factor gradients with ...
The appearance of clinically detectable metastases is the end-point of a complex set of biological processes only few cancer cells are capable to complete. Metastatic colonization comprises the most inefficient metastatic steps as it requires a fine-tuned ...
Metastatic growth in distant organs is the major cause of cancer mortality. The development of metastasis is a multistage process with several rate-limiting steps. Although dissemination of tumour cells seems to be an early and frequent event, the successf ...
Purpose: To report the lethal course of malignant transformation of retinoma in an adult. Methods: Case report. A 40-year-old patient presented with retinoma in his right eye and retinoblastoma in his left eye. Enucleation was recommended but refused and t ...
