Cocaine intoxication

Cocaine intoxication refers to the subjective, desired and adverse effects of cocaine on the mind and behavior of users. Both self-induced and involuntary cocaine intoxication have medical and legal implications (even in absence of relevant adverse effects). Adverse effects can develop over time due to repeated use and so become chronic conditions. However, even a one-time intake of the substance can result in severe acute intoxication. Recurrent cocaine use and dependence to the drug inevitably leads to the reduction of the desired effects perceived by the users, while the occurrence of adverse effects of intoxication increase. The last can sometimes be completely reversed without bearing consequences but they can also potentially kill the users (e.g., in cases of untreated or non-manageable overdoses). Cocaine increases alertness, feelings of well-being, euphoria, energy, sociability, and sexuality. The former are some of the desired effects of cocaine intoxication. Not having the normal use of mental faculties by reason of the introduction of cocaine is defined drug intoxication by the laws in America, Europe, and most of the rest of the World, and it is a serious crime in specific contexts (e.g., in drug-impaired driving). Mild adverse effects include anxiety, increased temperature, paranoia, restlessness, and teeth grinding. With prolonged use, the drug can cause chronic complications like insomnia, weight loss, anorexia, persistent tachycardia, heart failure, kidney failure, hallucinations, and paranoid delusions. Depression with suicidal ideation may develop in heavy users. Finally, a loss of vesicular monoamine transporters, neurofilament proteins, and other morphological changes appear to indicate a long-term damage to dopamine neurons. Chronic intranasal usage can degrade the cartilage separating the nostrils (the nasal septum), which can eventually lead to its complete disappearance. Studies have shown that cocaine usage during pregnancy triggers premature labor and may lead to abruptio placentae.

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Although cocaine abuse is up to three times more frequent among schizophrenic patients, it remains unclear why this should be the case and whether sex influences this relationship. Using a maternal immune activation model of schizophrenia, we tested whethe ...

Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd2016

Methyl Supplementation Attenuates Cocaine-Seeking Behaviors and Cocaine-Induced c-Fos Activation in a DNA Methylation-Dependent Manner

Fiona Hollis

Epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications, regulate responsiveness to drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, but relatively little is known about the regulation of addictive-like behaviors by DNA methylation. To investigate the influence of DNA methyl ...

Soc Neuroscience2015

Mid-infrared spectroscopy for gases and liquids based on quantum cascade technologies

Nico de Rooij, Hans Peter Herzig, Jérôme Faist, Lubos Hvozdara, Philip Wägli, Yu-Chi Chang

In this paper we present two compact, quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy based, sensors developed for trace substance detection in gases and liquids. The gas sensor, in its most integrated version, represents the first system combining a quantum ...

Royal Soc Chemistry2014

Cocaine dependence

Cocaine dependence is a neurological disorder that is characterized by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation from cocaine use. It also often coincides with cocaine addiction which is a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of cocaine and/or crack despite substantial harm and adverse consequences. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., abbreviated DSM-5), classifies problematic cocaine use as a "Stimulant use disorder". The International Classification of Diseases (11th rev.

Cocaïne

La cocaïne est un alcaloïde tropanique extrait de la feuille de coca. Célèbre psychotrope, elle est un très puissant stimulant du système nerveux central, et sa consommation est extrêmement addictive. Elle constitue également un vasoconstricteur périphérique. Elle est classifiée comme stupéfiant par la convention unique sur les stupéfiants de 1961 de l'ONU. Sa possession, son trafic et sa vente sont réglementés dans tous les pays.. Cependant, certains ont dépénalisé – voire légalisé – sa possession pour un usage personnel, comme en République tchèque, au Portugal ou en Colombie.

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Approches d'apprentissage automatique des maladies humaines

Explore l'impact de l'apprentissage automatique dans la compréhension des maladies humaines, en mettant l'accent sur l'importance historique, la découverte de produits naturels et les défis dans les médicaments de conception.