Climate categories in viticulture

In viticulture, the climates of wine regions are categorised based on the overall characteristics of the area's climate during the growing season. While variations in macroclimate are acknowledged, the climates of most wine regions are categorised (somewhat loosely based on the Köppen climate classification) as being part of a Mediterranean (for example Tuscany), maritime (ex: Bordeaux) or continental climate (ex: Columbia Valley). The majority of the world's premium wine production takes place in one of these three climate categories in locations between the 30th parallel and 50th parallel in both the northern and southern hemisphere. While viticulture does exist in some tropical climates, most notably Brazil, the amount of quality wine production in those areas is so small that the climate effect has not been as extensively studied as other categories. Beyond establishing whether or not viticulture can even be sustained in an area, the climatic influences of a particular area goes a long way in influencing the type of grape varieties grown in a region and the type of viticultural practices that will be used. The presence of adequate sun, heat and water are all vital to the healthy growth and development of grapevines during the growing season. Additionally, continuing research has shed more light on the influence of dormancy that occurs after harvest when the grapevine essentially shuts down and reserves its energy for the beginning of the next year's growing cycle. In general, grapevines thrive in temperate climates which grant the vines long, warm periods during the crucial flowering, fruit set and ripening periods. The physiological processes of a lot of grapevines begin when temperatures reach around . Below this temperature, the vines are usually in a period of dormancy. Drastically below this temperature, such as the freezing point of the vines can be damaged by frost. When the average daily temperature is between the vine will begin flowering.

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Concepts associés (21)

Irrigation in viticulture

Irrigation in viticulture is the process of applying extra water in the cultivation of grapevines. It is considered both controversial and essential to wine production. In the physiology of the grapevine, the amount of available water affects photosynthesis and hence growth, as well as the development of grape berries. While climate and humidity play important roles, a typical grape vine needs 25-35 inches (635-890 millimeters) of water a year, occurring during the spring and summer months of the growing season, to avoid stress.

Taille de la vigne

vignette|Pied de vigne taillé en Guyot simple La taille de la vigne est une opération viticole ayant pour but de limiter la croissance démesurée de la vigne pour régulariser la production des raisins en qualité et en quantité. Elle s'effectue généralement pendant le repos végétatif, en hiver, tout en prenant en compte le risque de gelées. Au début de la civilisation, les hommes se contentaient de cueillir les raisins sur les vignes puis, après l'observation de dégâts provoqués par des animaux sur les rameaux, on s'aperçut vite que les grappes situées sur les parties restantes étaient plus grosses et plus sucrées.

Muscat

Muscat (de l'occitan : muscat = ) est une dénomination qui recouvre un ensemble d'environ 200 cépages dont les raisins ont un arôme muscaté, c'est-à-dire très parfumé, rappelant légèrement celui du musc . Il en existe de nombreuses variétés, dont les grains ont une peau allant du jaune pâle au bleu-noir. Les différents types de muscats sont plantés sur le pourtour de la Méditerranée, en Europe centrale et orientale, en Australie, en Nouvelle-Zélande, dans certaines régions des Amériques et en Afrique du Sud.