Concept
Indice de réfraction
Concepts associés (54)
Fréquence spatiale
La fréquence spatiale est une grandeur caractéristique d'une structure qui se reproduit identiquement à des positions régulièrement espacées. Elle est la mesure du nombre de répétitions par unité de longueur ou par unité d'angle. Le concept de fréquence spatiale trouve ses applications principales en optique, particulièrement en photographie, en vidéo et en astronomie. Elle permet de caractériser la finesse des détails d'une mire ou d'une image formée sur un capteur : elle s'exprime fréquemment en cycle par millimètre (cy/mm).
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector.
Index-matching material
In optics, an index-matching material is a substance, usually a liquid, cement (adhesive), or gel, which has an index of refraction that closely approximates that of another object (such as a lens, material, fiber-optic, etc.). When two substances with the same index are in contact, light passes from one to the other with neither reflection nor refraction. As such, they are used for various purposes in science, engineering, and art.
Bright-field microscopy
Bright-field microscopy (BF) is the simplest of all the optical microscopy illumination techniques. Sample illumination is transmitted (i.e., illuminated from below and observed from above) white light, and contrast in the sample is caused by attenuation of the transmitted light in dense areas of the sample. Bright-field microscopy is the simplest of a range of techniques used for illumination of samples in light microscopes, and its simplicity makes it a popular technique.