Résumé
Bone mineral (also called inorganic bone phase, bone salt, or bone apatite) is the inorganic component of bone tissue. It gives bones their compressive strength. Bone mineral is formed predominantly from carbonated hydroxyapatite with lower crystallinity. Bone mineral is formed from globular and plate structures distributed among the collagen fibrils of bone and forming yet a larger structure. The bone salt and collagen fibers together constitute the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. Often the plural form "bone salts" is used; it reflects the notion of various salts that, on the level of molecular metabolism, can go into the formation of the hydroxyapatite. Bone mineral is dynamic in living animals; it is continually being resorbed and built anew in the bone remodeling process. In fact, the bones function as a bank or storehouse in which calcium can be continually withdrawn for use or deposited for storage, as dictated by homeostasis, which maintains the concentration of calcium ions in the blood serum within a particular range despite the variability of muscle tissue metabolism. Parathormone and calcitonin are the principal hormones with which the neuroendocrine system controls this ongoing process. The parathyroid and thyroid glands in the neck produce those hormones; thus, problems with those glands (such as hypo- or hyperparathyroidism or hypo- or hyperthyroidism) can create problems with bone mineral density (as well as hypo- or hypercalcemia).
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Concepts associés (8)
Métabolisme du calcium
Le métabolisme du calcium est la façon dont le corps humain régularise sa concentration sanguine : absorption, excrétion et stockage. Il conditionne aussi la constitution du squelette et d'autres structures calciques. Ces 2 aspects interagissent étroitement avec la signalisation cellulaire, puisque le calcium est aussi messager de l'information cellulaire. La concentration en calcium libre dans le liquide extracellulaire est maintenue dans des limites étroites par une régulation rigoureuse (homéostasie).
Bone remodeling
Bone remodeling (or bone metabolism) is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ossification or new bone formation). These processes also control the reshaping or replacement of bone following injuries like fractures but also micro-damage, which occurs during normal activity. Remodeling responds also to functional demands of the mechanical loading. In the first year of life, almost 100% of the skeleton is replaced.
Ostéoblaste
L'ostéoblaste correspond à la forme jeune de la cellule osseuse. Les ostéoblastes ont une origine mésenchymateuse, ils proviennent des cellules souches présentes dans la moelle osseuse. Ces cellules souches sont communes à différents types cellulaires (ostéoblastes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, tendinocytes, fibroblastes). L'ostéoblaste va avoir différentes fonctions notamment la synthèse et la minéralisation de la matrice osseuse pendant la croissance du squelette.
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