Palsethumb|Vue aérienne de palses Un palse est une petite butte souvent ronde ou ovale rencontrée en milieu périglaciaire, en contexte de pergélisol (permafrost en anglais) intermittent, c'est-à-dire dans les mollisols. À l'instar des pingos, les palses contiennent un cœur de glace recouvert de sol. Le mot provient du terme Palsa en langue same parlée en Laponie et signifiant une zone surélevée d'une tourbière. Du fait des importantes quantités d'eau nécessaires à la formation des palses, on les trouve souvent dans les tourbières.
Frost heavingFrost heaving (or a frost heave) is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface, upwards from the depth in the soil where freezing temperatures have penetrated into the soil (the freezing front or freezing boundary). Ice growth requires a water supply that delivers water to the freezing front via capillary action in certain soils. The weight of overlying soil restrains vertical growth of the ice and can promote the formation of lens-shaped areas of ice within the soil.
PeriglaciationPeriglaciation (adjective: "periglacial", referring to places at the edges of glacial areas) describes geomorphic processes that result from seasonal thawing and freezing, very often in areas of permafrost. The meltwater may refreeze in ice wedges and other structures. "Periglacial" originally suggested an environment located on the margin of past glaciers. However, freeze and thaw cycles influence landscapes also outside areas of past glaciation. Therefore, periglacial environments are anywhere when freezing and thawing modify the landscape in a significant manner.
Ice lensIce lenses are bodies of ice formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates in a localized zone. The ice initially accumulates within small collocated pores or pre-existing crack, and, as long as the conditions remain favorable, continues to collect in the ice layer or ice lens, wedging the soil or rock apart. Ice lenses grow parallel to the surface and several centimeters to several decimeters (inches to feet) deep in the soil or rock. Studies from 1990 have demonstrated that rock fracture by ice segregation (i.
