Résumé
The economic impacts of climate change vary geographically and are difficult to forecast exactly. Researchers have warned that current economic forecasts may seriously underestimate the effects of climate change, and point to the need for new models that give a more accurate picture of potential damages. Nevertheless, one 2018 study found that potential global economic gains if countries implement mitigation strategies to comply with the 2 °C target set at the Paris Agreement are in the vicinity of US17trillionperyearupto2100comparedtoaveryhighemissionscenario.AstudybythereinsurancecompanySwissReinsuranceCompanyLtd(SwissRe)in2021estimatedthatglobalclimatechangeislikelytoreduceglobaleconomicoutputby111417 trillion per year up to 2100 compared to a very high emission scenario. A study by the reinsurance company Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd (Swiss Re) in 2021 estimated that global climate change is likely to reduce global economic output by 11-14%, or as much as 23 trillion annually by 2050, compared with global economic output without climate change. According to this study, the economies of wealthy countries like the United States would likely shrink by approximately 7% while some developing nations would be devastated, losing around 20% or in some cases 40% of the their economic output. Global losses reveal rapidly rising costs due to extreme weather events since the 1970s. Socio-economic factors have contributed to the observed trend of global losses, such as population growth and increased wealth. Part of the growth is also related to regional climatic factors, e.g., changes in precipitation and flooding events. It is difficult to quantify the relative impact of socio-economic factors and climate change on the observed trend. The trend does, however, suggest increasing vulnerability of social systems to climate change. A 2019 modelling study found that climate change had contributed towards global economic inequality. Wealthy countries in colder regions had either felt little overall economic impact from climate change, or possibly benefited, whereas poor hotter countries very likely grew less than if global warming had not occurred.
À propos de ce résultat
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Concepts associés (9)
Economics of climate change mitigation
The economics of climate change mitigation is part of the economics of climate change related to climate change mitigation, that is actions that are designed to limit the amount of long-term climate change. Mitigation may be achieved through the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs, for example forests. The atmosphere is an international public good and GHG emissions are an international externality.
Actif irrécupérable
Les actifs irrécupérables ou actifs échoués sont des « actifs qui ont subi des dépréciations, des dévaluations ou des conversions au passif » imprévues. Ce phénomène peut venir de divers facteurs et est inhérent à la « destruction créatrice » de la croissance économique, de la transformation et de l'innovation. Ces actifs présentent des risques pour les individus et les entreprises et peuvent avoir des implications systémiques. Le terme est important pour la gestion des risques financiers afin d'éviter une perte économique après la conversion d'un actif en passif .
Perte de la biodiversité
vignette|redresse=1.5|Selon le Rapport planète vivante 2016 de WWF, l'indice planète vivante affiche un déclin de 58 % des populations mondiales de vertébrés entre 1970 et 2012. La perte de la biodiversité, appelée aussi déclin de la biodiversité ou érosion de la biodiversité ou effondrement de la biodiversité, est une crise écologique qui implique l'extinction d'espèces (végétales ou animales) dans le monde entier, ainsi que la réduction ou la perte locale d'espèces dans un habitat donné, et la disparition d'écosystèmes.
Afficher plus