Consommation collaborative

La consommation collaborative désigne un modèle économique où l'usage prédomine sur la propriété : l'usage d'un bien, service, privilège, peut être augmenté par le , l'échange, le troc, la vente ou la location de celui-ci. Cette optimisation de l'usage est une réaction à la sous-utilisation classique supposée des : biens, services et privilèges. La consommation collaborative est principalement permise par l'échange d'information via Internet et à l'essor, dans un cadre légal, sécurisé, dans la transparence, de cette tendance depuis les années 2000 est donc fortement lié à l'essor des échanges en ligne ; des immenses places de marché, publiques, telles qu'eBay, aux secteurs émergents de :

la location entre particuliers ;
le prêt entre particuliers ;
service d'hébergement ;
l'autopartage ;
l'échange de savoirs entre particuliers.

La consommation collaborative bouscule les anciens modèles économiques en changeant non pas ce que les gens consomment mais la manière dont ils

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The Economics of Sharing Markets

Maryam Razeghian Jahromi

Sharing and redistributing assets between individuals has become a noticeable part of the economy. Ownership is no longer the sole mode of consumption and consumers have the option of choosing between ownership and access-based consumption. This change in the consumer behaviour creates both threats and opportunities for the incumbent firms. In this dissertation, techniques from microeconomics and game theory are utilized to investigate market equilibrium in presence of sharing markets. We focus on the peer-to-peer sharing of rival goods with economic motivations. Chapter 2 provides a robust mathematical model that captures the equilibrium dynamics in peer-to-peer markets. We provide a closed-form solution for the S-shaped evolution of asset sharing, with price-adjustment delays and transaction costs. Chapter 3 studies the effects of sharing markets on the purchase price and durability of new products. We show that the pricing and product design can serve as a strategic tool to exploit or mitigate the impact of a peer-to-peer economy on the manufacturer's profit. Adjusting the built-in durability allows the firm to either defeat sharing (by shutting down the sharing market) or promote it (by offering durable and shareable objects). Chapter 4 develops a model to addresses the question of the firm's optimal adaptation of business model in the presence of sharing markets. We investigate second-degree price discrimination in the form of offering rental and/or purchase options and find that the population's sharing propensity is a major determinant of the firm's optimal selling strategy. As the population's sharing propensity increases, the firm moves from unbundling (exclusive renting), via mixed bundling (selling and renting upon demand), to pure bundling (exclusive selling).

EPFL2017

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Reliable Dispatch of Active Distribution Networks via a Two-layer Grid-Aware Model Predictive Control: Theory and Experimental Validation

Rahul Kumar Gupta, Mario Paolone, Ji Hyun Yi, Antonio Zecchino

Dispatching active distribution networks (ADNs) is an energy-intensive application that, if implemented via battery-energy storage systems (BESSs), can require a large capacity of these assets in order to fully balance the uncertainties caused by the stochastic demand and generation. The insufficient capacity of the BESSs often leads to their state-of-charge (SOC) saturation; this results in unreliable dispatch tracking. In this work, we propose and experimentally validate a real-time control scheme that achieves a highly-reliable dispatching of ADNs and ensures that the BESSs’ SOC is not saturated during the daily operation. Our proposed scheme uses a two-layer model predictive control (MPC). The upper-layer MPC, running every 5 minutes, optimizes the BESSs’ SOC trajectories while minimizing the tracking error, considering the prosumption forecast of the whole day. Then, the lower layer MPC, running every 30 seconds, takes the BESSs’ SOC trajectories as constraints while achieving a high-resolution tracking of the dispatch plan over the current 5-minute time horizon. Both layers account for the grid constraints by using the augmented relaxed optimal power-flow (AR-OPF) model; an exact convex relaxation of the original AC-OPF and used in this paper (for the first time in the literature) to solve a real-time constrained control problem for ADNs. Our proposed framework was experimentally validated using a 1.5 MVA/2.5 MWh BESS connected to an actual 24-node medium-voltage (MV) ADN that, in Aigle, Switzerland, hosted an uncontrollable 3.2 MWp distributed photovoltaic generation, 3.4 MVA hydro-power generations, and a 2.8 MW base demand.

2022

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Smart Products for Sharing

Thomas Alois Weber

Sharing markets create mutual insurance for consumers who are unsure about their future needs for goods, thus rendering products more valuable both before and after the purchase. By embedding intelligence in their products, enabling them to sense, monitor, and authorize transfers between users, firms can economically participate in the collaborative consumption of their goods after they have been sold. Building on a dynamic model with overlapping generations of heterogeneous agents, we determine a firm's jointly optimal product price and sharing tariff. The active use of product intelligence as a gatekeeper for collaborative consumption can narrow the gap between the retail and the equilibrium price in the sharing market. Because of its tendency to decrease the demand for ownership, the use of smart products with a positive sharing tariff does not always maximize the firm's overall expected profits. A positive sharing tariff tends to be profitable with relatively high unit production cost and impatient consumers.

2017

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MGT-426: Logistics and demand analysis

Ce cours a pour objectif de présenter la fonction logistique de l'entreprise dans le cadre d'une approche globale, de la logistique au supply chain management, en insistant sur l'importance de la demande "client" tirant tous processus de la chaîne d'ajout de valeur du produit ou du service

DH-405: Foundations of digital humanities

This course gives an introduction to the fundamental concepts and methods of the Digital Humanities, both from a theoretical and applied point of view. The course introduces the Digital Humanities circle of processing and interpretation, from data acquisition to new understandings.

Économie collaborative

Léconomie collaborative ou économie de partage regroupe les activités économiques qui reposent sur le partage ou la mutualisation des biens, savoirs, services ou espaces et sur l'usage plutôt que la p

Open source

Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product.

Processus collaboratif pair à pair

Le processus collaboratif pair à pair () décrit une forme décentralisée de travail collaboratif reposant sur des principes proches des réseaux informatique pair-à-pair. Les collaborateurs ne sont pas