Temporal resolution

Résumé

Temporal resolution (TR) refers to the discrete resolution of a measurement with respect to time. Physics Often there is a trade-off between the temporal resolution of a measurement and its spatial resolution, due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. In some contexts, such as particle physics, this trade-off can be attributed to the finite speed of light and the fact that it takes a certain period of time for the photons carrying information to reach the observer. In this time, the system might have undergone changes itself. Thus, the longer the light has to travel, the lower the temporal resolution. Technology Computing In another context, there is often a tradeoff between temporal resolution and computer storage. A transducer may be able to record data every millisecond, but available storage may not allow this, and in the case of 4D PET imaging the resolution may be limited to several minutes. Electronic displays In some applications

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_resolution

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Experimental investigation of fast ion dynamics in TORPEX toroidal plasmas

Boris Roulet

The goal of the present diploma work is to experimentally investigate the fast ion physics in TORPEX plasmas, in which interchange modes with flute characteristics and intermittent transport events, i.e. blobs, are observed to dominate the plasma dynamics. During the first part of the diploma, the Candidate will test different fast ion emitters on a test bench, which will be then mounted into the BN casing to form the fast ion source. In parallel, the Candidate will design an innovative in-vessel movable system, which will displace toroidally the fast ion source, thus allowing 3D measurements of the fast ion beam. In the second part of the diploma, the detector will be mounted onto the existing 2D position system and the Candidate will focus on energy-resolved 2D measurements of the fast ion beam. Provided that the in-vessel movable system is timely and successfully constructed, the measurements will be repeated at different toroidal positions of the source, thus providing first 3D and energy resolved measurements of fast ion profiles. The measurements will be performed together with sets of movable Langmuir probe arrays, which provide complete monitoring of the plasma dynamics with fine spatial and temporal resolution.

2010

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Tim-domain near-infrared optical tomography (TD NIROT) techniques based on diffuse light were gaining performance over the last years. They are capable of imaging tissue at several centimeters depth and reveal clinically relevant information, such as tissue oxygen saturation. In this work, we present the very first in vivo results of our SPAD camera-based TD NIROT reflectance system with a temporal resolution of similar to 116 ps. It provides 2800 time of flight source-detector pairs in a compact probe of only 6 cm in diameter. Additionally, we describe a 3-step reconstruction procedure that enables accurate recovery of structural information and of the optical properties. We demonstrate the system's performance firstly in reconstructing the 3D-structure of a heterogeneous tissue phantom with tissue-like scattering and absorption properties within a volume of 9 cm diameter and 5 cm thickness. Furthermore, we performed in vivo tomography of an index finger located within a homogeneous scattering medium. We employed a fast sampling rate of 2.5 Hz to detect changes in tissue oxygenation. Tomographic reconstructions were performed in true 3D, and without prior structural information, demonstrating the powerful capabilities of the system. This shows its potential for clinical applications. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

OPTICAL SOC AMER2022

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Second-order time correlation measurements with a temporal resolution better than 3 ps were performed on a CdTe microcavity where spontaneous Bose-Einstein condensation is observed. After the laser pulse, the nonresonantly excited thermal polariton population relaxes into a coherent polariton condensate. Photon statistics of the light emitted by the microcavity evidences a clear phase transition from the thermal state to a coherent state, which occurs within 3.2 ps after the onset of stimulated scattering. Following this very fast transition, we show that the emission possesses a very high coherence that persists for more than 100 ps after the build-up of the condensate. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

American Institute of Physics2015

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