A liberal education is a system or course of education suitable for the cultivation of a free (liber) human being. It is based on the medieval concept of the liberal arts or, more commonly now, the liberalism of the Age of Enlightenment. It has been described as "a philosophy of education that empowers individuals with broad knowledge and transferable skills, and a stronger sense of values, ethics, and civic engagement ... characterized by challenging encounters with important issues, and more a way of studying than a specific course or field of study" by the Association of American Colleges and Universities. Usually global and pluralistic in scope, it can include a general education curriculum which provides broad exposure to multiple disciplines and learning strategies in addition to in-depth study in at least one academic area.
Liberal education was advocated in the 19th century by thinkers such as John Henry Newman, Thomas Huxley, and F. D. Maurice. The decline of liberal education is often attributed to mobilization during the Second World War. The premium and emphasis placed upon mathematics, science, and technical training caused a shift away from a liberal concept of higher education studies; however, it became central to much undergraduate education in the United States in the mid-20th century, being conspicuous in the movement for general education.
Wilfred Griffin Eady, the Principal of the Working Men's College from 1949 to 1955, defined the liberal education his institution sought to provide as "something you can enjoy for its own sake, something which is a personal possession and an inward enrichment, and something which teaches a sense of values".
The American Association for the Advancement of Science describes a liberal education in this way: "Ideally, a liberal education produces persons who are open-minded and free from provincialism, dogma, preconception, and ideology; conscious of their opinions and judgments; reflective of their actions; and aware of their place in the social and natural worlds.
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Un programme d'enseignement est un programme d'étude de différentes disciplines enseignées dans un établissement d'enseignement, qu'il soit public ou privé. Élaborer le programme, engager les consultations, organiser le soutien nécessaire, tout cela constitue un processus étalé sur plusieurs années. Les principales étapes en sont : la conception et la rédaction des programmes, qui comprennent des processus de relecture et d›approbation, et l’élaboration du soutien systémique connexe.
Les sept arts libéraux sont une grande part de la matière de l'enseignement concernant les lettres latines et les sciences des écoles de second niveau de l'Antiquité, qui se poursuit sous diverses formes au Moyen Âge. Ce corpus d'enseignement est notamment généralisé en Europe occidentale médiévale par l'œuvre d'Alcuin, maître précepteur de la famille de Charlemagne et savant écolâtre responsable des réformes scolaires supérieures de l'Empire carolingien, durant la période dite de la Renaissance carolingienne.
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