Imaginary time is a mathematical representation of time which appears in some approaches to special relativity and quantum mechanics. It finds uses in connecting quantum mechanics with statistical mechanics and in certain cosmological theories. Mathematically, imaginary time is real time which has undergone a Wick rotation so that its coordinates are multiplied by the imaginary unit i. Imaginary time is not imaginary in the sense that it is unreal or made-up (any more than, say, irrational numbers defy logic), it is simply expressed in terms of what mathematicians call imaginary numbers. In mathematics, the imaginary unit is the square root of , such that is defined to be . A number which is a direct multiple of is known as an imaginary number. In certain physical theories, periods of time are multiplied by in this way. Mathematically, an imaginary time period may be obtained from real time via a Wick rotation by in the complex plane: . Stephen Hawking popularized the concept of imaginary time in his book The Universe in a Nutshell. "One might think this means that imaginary numbers are just a mathematical game having nothing to do with the real world. From the viewpoint of positivist philosophy, however, one cannot determine what is real. All one can do is find which mathematical models describe the universe we live in. It turns out that a mathematical model involving imaginary time predicts not only effects we have already observed but also effects we have not been able to measure yet nevertheless believe in for other reasons. So what is real and what is imaginary? Is the distinction just in our minds?" In fact, the terms "real" and "imaginary" for numbers are just a historical accident, much like the terms "rational" and "irrational": "...the words real and imaginary are picturesque relics of an age when the nature of complex numbers was not properly understood." In the Minkowski spacetime model adopted by the theory of relativity, spacetime is represented as a four-dimensional surface or manifold.

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Cours associés (2)
CH-453: Molecular quantum dynamics
The course covers several exact, approximate, and numerical methods to solve the time-dependent molecular Schrödinger equation, and applications including calculations of molecular electronic spectra.
PHYS-702: Advanced Quantum Field Theory
The course builds on the course QFT1 and QFT2 and develops in parallel to the course on Gauge Theories and the SM.
Concepts associés (1)
Rotation de Wick
En physique, la rotation de Wick est une méthode pour trouver une solution à un problème mathématique dans un espace de Minkowski à partir d'un problème relatif à un espace euclidien, à l’aide d’une transformation qui substitue une variable imaginaire pure à une variable réelle. La est la transformation complexe où est l'unité imaginaire et est le temps euclidien. Son éponyme est le physicien théoricien italien Gian-Carlo Wick (-) qui l'a proposée en .

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