Concept
Subbase (pavement)
Concepts associés (4)
Wearing course
The wearing course, also known as a friction course or surface course, is the upper layer in roadway, airfield, and dockyard construction. The term 'surface course' is sometimes used slightly different, to describe very thin surface layers such as chip seal. In rigid pavements the upper layer is a portland cement concrete slab. In flexible pavements, the upper layer consists of asphalt concrete, that is a construction aggregate with a bituminous binder.
Base course
The base course or basecourse in pavements is a layer of material in an asphalt roadway, race track, riding arena, or sporting field. It is located under the surface layer consisting of the wearing course and sometimes an extra binder course. If there is a sub-base course, the base course is constructed directly above this layer. Otherwise, it is built directly on top of the subgrade. Typical base course thickness ranges from and is governed by underlying layer properties.
Road surface
A road surface (English), or pavement (American), is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road or walkway. In the past, gravel road surfaces, macadam, hoggin, cobblestone and granite setts were extensively used, but these have mostly been replaced by asphalt or concrete laid on a compacted base course. Asphalt mixtures have been used in pavement construction since the beginning of the 20th century and are of two types: metalled (hard-surfaced) and unmetalled roads.
Route
thumb|upright=1.0|Effet de lumière sur une route australienne. thumb|À Grimaldi (Italie), cette route secondaire semble plonger dans la mer Méditerranée. Une route () est au sens littéral une voie terrestre (au niveau du sol ou sur viaduc) aménagée pour permettre la circulation de véhicules à roues. Ce terme s'applique plutôt aux voies importantes situées en rase campagne et ne peut être apparenté à une rue. Dans les pays vastes et peu peuplés, à la fin du , de nombreuses routes étaient encore des chemins empierrés ou damés (les "sentiers battus").