Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of lung infection that occurs in people who are on mechanical ventilation breathing machines in hospitals. As such, VAP typically affects critically ill persons that are in an intensive care unit (ICU) and have been on a mechanical ventilator for at least 48 hours. VAP is a major source of increased illness and death. Persons with VAP have increased lengths of ICU hospitalization and have up to a 20–30% death rate. The diagnosis of VAP varies among hospitals and providers but usually requires a new infiltrate on chest x-ray plus two or more other factors. These factors include temperatures of >38 °C or 12 × 109/ml, purulent secretions from the airways in the lung, and/or reduction in gas exchange.
A different less studied infection found in mechanically ventilated people is ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT). As with VAP, tracheobronchial infection can colonise the trachea and travel to the bronchi. VAT may be a risk factor for VAP.
People who are on mechanical ventilation are often sedated and are rarely able to communicate. As such, many of the typical symptoms of pneumonia will either be absent or unable to be obtained. The most important signs are fever or low body temperature, new purulent sputum, and hypoxemia (decreasing amounts of oxygen in the blood). However, these symptoms may be similar for tracheobronchitis.
Risk factors for VAP include underlying heart or lung disease, neurologic disease, and trauma, as well as modifiable risk factors such as whether the head of the bed is flat (increased risk) or raised, whether the patient had an aspiration event before intubation, and prior antibiotic exposure. As a result of intubation many of the body's defenses against infections are reduced or impaired; this can result in an ability for microorganisms to enter and cause infection. Patients who are in the ICU for head trauma or other severe neurologic illness, as well as patients who are in the ICU for blunt or penetrating trauma, are at especially high risk of developing VAP.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Le pipéracilline/tazobactam est une combinaison d'un agent antibiotique et d'un inhibiteur de la β-lactamase : le pipéracilline et le tazobactam. La pipéracilline appartient à la grande classe des pénicillines et plus particulièrement des Uréidopénicillines. Son mode d'action reposant sur l'inhibition de la synthèse des protéines de surface des enveloppes bactériennes de par sa liaison aux PLP (Protéine de Liaison des Pénicillines, participant à la synthèse du peptidoglycane bactérien).
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) refers to pneumonia (any of several lung diseases) contracted by a person outside of the healthcare system. In contrast, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is seen in patients who have recently visited a hospital or who live in long-term care facilities. CAP is common, affecting people of all ages, and its symptoms occur as a result of oxygen-absorbing areas of the lung (alveoli) filling with fluid. This inhibits lung function, causing dyspnea, fever, chest pains and cough.
Serratia marcescens est une espèce de bactérie, de bacille à Gram négatif de la famille des Enterobacteriaceae. Un agent pathogène humain, S. marcescens est impliqué dans des infections nosocomiales, en particulier des bactériémies dans des voies veineuses centrales, des infections urinaires et des infections de plaies. On le trouve couramment dans les voies respiratoires et urinaires d'adultes hospitalisés et dans le système gastro-intestinal des enfants. En raison de sa présence abondante dans l’environnement et de sa préférence pour la vapeur, S.
The widespread use of antibiotics and antifungal drugs has provoked an increasing numberof multi-resistant bacteria and fungi. The emergence of multiresistance to antibiotics hasbeen now recognized as a very serious public health issue. In order to target ...
The abusive use of antimicrobial drugs during the last eighty years has favoured the natural selection of resistant pathogens able to neutralise drugs efficiently. Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance contributes to millions of deaths yearly, threatens the e ...
EPFL2023
,
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose an impending threat to humanity, as the evolution of MDR bacteria outpaces the development of effective antibiotics. In this work, we use indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) to treat infect ...