Masse stellaire

Résumé

La masse stellaire est une expression utilisée par les astronomes pour décrire la masse d'une étoile. Il est généralement dénombré en termes de masse du Soleil, en proportion d'une masse solaire (M☉). Par conséquent, l'étoile brillante Sirius pèse environ 2,02 M☉. La masse d'une étoile variera au cours de sa vie, à mesure que la masse s'érode avec les vents stellaires, ou qu'elle se retrouve éjectée via un comportement pulsationnel, ou si une masse supplémentaire est accrétée, comme celle d'une étoile compagnon. Propriétés Les étoiles sont parfois regroupées par masse en fonction de leur comportement évolutif à l'approche de la fin de leur durée de vie, selon leur stade de fusion nucléaire. Les étoiles de très faible masse n'entrent pas dans la branche asymptotique des géantes (AGB) mais évoluent directement en naines blanches. Du moins en théorie ; la durée de vie de ces étoiles est suffisamment longue pour qu'aucune n'ait encore eu le temps d'évoluer jusqu'à ce point

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masse_stellaire

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We study how the gas in a sample of galaxies (M-* > 10(9) M-circle dot) in clusters, obtained in a cosmological simulation, is affected by the interaction with the intracluster medium (ICM). The dynamical state of each elemental parcel of gas is studied using the total energy. At z similar to 2, the galaxies in the simulation are evenly distributed within clusters, later moving towards more central locations. In this process, gas from the ICM is accreted and mixed with the gas in the galactic halo. Simultaneously, the interaction with the environment removes part of the gas. A characteristic stellar mass around M-* > 10(10) M-circle dot appears as a threshold marking two differentiated behaviours. Below this mass, galaxies are located at the external part of clusters and have eccentric orbits. The effect of the interaction with the environment is marginal. Above, galaxies are mainly located at the inner part of clusters with mostly radial orbits with low velocities. In these massive systems, part of the gas, strongly correlated with the stellar mass of the galaxy, is removed. The amount of removed gas is subdominant compared with the quantity of retained gas, which is continuously influenced by the hot gas coming from the ICM. The analysis of individual galaxies reveals the existence of a complex pattern of flows, turbulence and a constant fuelling of gas to the hot corona from the ICM, which could mean that the global effect of the interaction of galaxies with their environment is substantially less dramatic than previously expected.

Oxford Univ Press2017

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Morphological Segregation in the Surroundings of Cosmic Voids

Elena Ricciardelli, Amélie Tamone

We explore the morphology of galaxies living in the proximity of cosmic voids, using a sample of voids identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. At all stellar masses, void galaxies exhibit morphologies of a later type than galaxies in a control sample, which represent galaxies in an average density environment. We interpret this trend as a pure environmental effect, independent of the mass bias, due to a slower galaxy build-up in the rarefied regions of voids. We confirm previous findings about a clear segregation in galaxy morphology, with galaxies of a later type being found at smaller void-centric distances with respect to the early-type galaxies. We also show, for the first time, that the radius of the void has an impact on the evolutionary history of the galaxies that live within it or in its surroundings. In fact, an enhanced fraction of late-type galaxies is found in the proximity of voids larger than the median void radius. Likewise, an excess of early-type galaxies is observed within or around voids of a smaller size. A significant difference in galaxy properties in voids of different sizes is observed up to 2 R-void, which we define as the region of influence of voids. The significance of this difference is greater than 3 sigma for all the volume-complete samples considered here. The fraction of star-forming galaxies shows the same behavior as the late-type galaxies, but no significant difference in stellar mass is observed in the proximity of voids of different sizes.

Iop Publishing Ltd2017

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Stellar metallicity gradients of Local Group dwarf galaxies

Pascale Jablonka, Yves Revaz

Aims. We explore correlations between the strength of metallicity gradients in Local Group dwarf galaxies and their stellar mass, star formation history timescales, and environment. Methods. We performed a homogeneous analysis of literature spectroscopic data of red giant stars and determined radial metallicity profiles for 30 Local Group dwarf galaxies. This is the largest compilation of this type to date. Results. The dwarf galaxies in our sample show a variety of metallicity profiles, most of them decreasing with radius and some with rather steep profiles. The derived metallicity gradients as a function of the half-light radius, del([Fe/H]) (R/ R-e), show no statistical differences when compared with the morphological type of the galaxies, nor with their distance from the Milky Way or M31. No correlations are found with either stellar mass or star formation timescales. In particular, we do not find the linear relation between del([Fe/H])(R/R-e) and the galaxy median age t(50), which has been reported in the literature for a set of simulated systems. On the other hand, the high angular momentum in some of our galaxies does not seem to affect the gradient strengths. The strongest gradients in our sample are observed in systems that are likely to have experienced a past merger event. When these merger candidates are excluded, the analysed dwarf galaxies show mild gradients (similar to-0.1 dex R-e(-1)) with little scatter between them, regardless of their stellar mass, dynamical state, and their star formation history. These results agree well with different sets of simulations presented in the literature that were analysed using the same method as for the observed dwarf galaxies. Conclusions. The interplay between the multitude of factors that could drive the formation of metallicity gradients likely combine in complex ways to produce in general comparable mild del([Fe/H])(R/R-e) values, regardless of stellar mass and star formation history. The strongest driver of steep gradients seems to be previous dwarf-dwarf merger events in a system.

EDP SCIENCES S A2022

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Stellar metallicity gradients of Local Group dwarf galaxies

Pascale Jablonka, Yves Revaz

EDP SCIENCES S A2022