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Concept
Race and ethnicity in the United States
Résumé
The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized seven racial categories (White, Black, Latino, Asian, Native American/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories. The United States also recognizes the broader notion of ethnicity. The 2000 census and 2010 American Community Survey inquired about the "ancestry" of residents, whilst the 2020 census allowed people to enter their “origins”. The Census Bureau also classified respondents as "Hispanic or Latino" or "Not Hispanic or Latino", identifying as an ethnicity, which comprises the largest minority group in the nation.
As of 2021, White Americans are the racial majority, with non-Hispanic whites representing 59.3% of the population. Hispanic and Latino Americans are the largest ethnic minority, comprising 18.9% of the population, while Black Americans are the largest racial and the second largest ethnic minority, making up 12.6%.
White Americans are the majority in every census-defined region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) and in every state except Hawaii, but contribute the highest proportion of the population in the Midwest, at 85% per the Population Estimates Program (PEP) or 83% per the American Community Survey (ACS). Non-Hispanic whites make up 79% of the Midwest's population, the highest proportion of any region. At the same time, the region with the smallest share of white Americans is the South, which comprise 53%.
Currently, 55% of the African American population lives in the South. A plurality or majority of the other official groups reside in the West. The latter region is home to 42% of Hispanic and Latino Americans, 46% of Asian Americans, 48% of American Indians and Alaska Natives, 68% of Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders, 37% of the "two or more races" population (Multiracial Americans), and 46% of those self-designated as "some other race".
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