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The current business environment has become more risky and variable. In particular, the recent terrorist attacks against western economies have revealed the vulnerability of global supply chains. These events showed that companies that move cargo internati ...
This paper constructs an intellectual property rights (IPR) index based on the World Trade Organization's Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement for 53 developing countries. TRIPS agreement attempts to standardize the minim ...
By the year 2016 every member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to comply with its agreement on the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS or the Agreement). This implies that ...
High photovoltage in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be achieved by designing new hole transporting materials (HTMs) with relatively deeper energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Here, we report on the synthesis of a new heteroac ...
The RIde-hail VEhicle Routing (RIVER) problem describes how drivers in a ride-hail market form a dynamic routing strategy according to the expected reward in each zone of the market. We model this decision-making problem as a Markov decision process (MDP), ...
Dimension is a fundamental property of objects and the space in which they are embedded. Yet ideal notions of dimension, as in Euclidean spaces, do not always translate to physical spaces, which can be constrained by boundaries and distorted by inhomogenei ...
Central to the aims of the Paris Agreement, a multilateral coordinated action through integrated carbon markets has been a practical bottom up option for effective and efficient mitigation. This paper quantifies the welfare effects of potential integration ...
Liberalization has caused an increase in the global trade of goods and services. In particular, the value and physical volume of agricultural goods traded have largely increased. As the environmental and social consequences of trade are complex, they are r ...
