Surface of general typeIn algebraic geometry, a surface of general type is an algebraic surface with Kodaira dimension 2. Because of Chow's theorem any compact complex manifold of dimension 2 and with Kodaira dimension 2 will actually be an algebraic surface, and in some sense most surfaces are in this class. Gieseker showed that there is a coarse moduli scheme for surfaces of general type; this means that for any fixed values of the Chern numbers there is a quasi-projective scheme classifying the surfaces of general type with those Chern numbers.
Surface rationnelleEn géométrie algébrique, une branche des mathématiques, une surface rationnelle est une surface birationnellement équivalente à un plan projectif, ou en d'autres termes, une variété rationnelle de dimension deux. Chaque surface rationnelle non-singulière peut être obtenue après plusieurs éclatements d'une surface rationnelle minimale. Les surfaces rationnelles minimales sont des surfaces de Hirzebruch Σr pour r = 0 ou r ≥ 2. Diamant de Hodge où n est égal à 0 pour le plan projectif, 1 pour les surfaces de Hirzebruch et supérieur à 1 pour les autres surfaces rationnelles.
Kodaira dimensionIn algebraic geometry, the Kodaira dimension κ(X) measures the size of the canonical model of a projective variety X. Igor Shafarevich in a seminar introduced an important numerical invariant of surfaces with the notation κ. Shigeru Iitaka extended it and defined the Kodaira dimension for higher dimensional varieties (under the name of canonical dimension), and later named it after Kunihiko Kodaira. The canonical bundle of a smooth algebraic variety X of dimension n over a field is the line bundle of n-forms, which is the nth exterior power of the cotangent bundle of X.
Algebraic surfaceIn mathematics, an algebraic surface is an algebraic variety of dimension two. In the case of geometry over the field of complex numbers, an algebraic surface has complex dimension two (as a complex manifold, when it is non-singular) and so of dimension four as a smooth manifold. The theory of algebraic surfaces is much more complicated than that of algebraic curves (including the compact Riemann surfaces, which are genuine surfaces of (real) dimension two).
