La Vertu d'égoïsme

The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism is a 1964 collection of essays by the philosopher Ayn Rand and the writer Nathaniel Branden. Most of the essays originally appeared in The Objectivist Newsletter. The book covers ethical issues from the perspective of Rand's Objectivist philosophy. Some of its themes include the identification and validation of egoism as a rational code of ethics, the destructiveness of altruism, and the nature of a proper government. The book contains 19 essays, 14 of them written by Rand and five by Branden, plus an introduction written by Rand. All but one of the essays had previously been published in The Objectivist Newsletter, a magazine that Rand and Branden had launched in 1962. The exception was the book's first essay, "The Objectivist Ethics", which was a paper Rand delivered at the University of Wisconsin during a symposium on "Ethics in Our Time". "The Objectivist Ethics" explains the foundations of Rand's ethical theory. Her other essays engage a variety of ethical topics, often challenging common perspectives on such issues as compromise and moral judgment. Branden's essays, such as "Counterfeit Individualism" and "The Psychology of Pleasure", present a more psychology-focused view of morality. Rand's characterization of selfishness as a virtue, including in the title of the book, is one of its most controversial elements. Philosopher Chandran Kukathas said Rand's position on this point "brought notoriety, but kept her out of the intellectual mainstream". Rand acknowledged in the book's introduction that the term 'selfishness' was not typically used to describe virtuous behavior, but insisted that her usage was consistent with a more precise meaning of the term as simply "concern with one's own interests". The equation of selfishness with evil, Rand said, had caused "the arrested moral development of mankind" and needed to be rejected. Critics have disputed Rand's interpretation of the term.

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La Grève (roman d'Ayn Rand)

La Grève (titre original en anglais : Atlas Shrugged, littéralement : « Atlas haussa les épaules ») est un roman écrit par Ayn Rand et publié en 1957 aux États-Unis. Il s'agit de son plus important roman. Selon une étude de la bibliothèque du Congrès américain et du Book of the month club menée dans les années 1990, ce livre est aux États-Unis le livre le plus influent sur les sondés, après la Bible.

Objectivisme (Ayn Rand)

L'objectivisme est la philosophie développée par Ayn Rand qui couvre les domaines de l'épistémologie, de la métaphysique, de l'éthique, de la politique et de l'esthétique. Elle s'est d'abord exprimée à travers des romans comme La Source vive ou La Grève et par la suite dans des essais sur chacun des domaines mentionnés. Plus tard, le philosophe Leonard Peikoff qu'Ayn Rand désignait comme son héritier intellectuel exposa le système objectiviste dans la totalité de sa structure logique dans son essai Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand.

Ethical egoism

In ethical philosophy, ethical egoism is the normative position that moral agents ought to act in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also differs from rational egoism, which holds that it is rational to act in one's self-interest. Ethical egoism holds, therefore, that actions whose consequences will benefit the doer are ethical. Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an obligation to help others.

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