Habitat conservation is a management practice that seeks to conserve, protect and restore habitats and prevent species extinction, fragmentation or reduction in range. It is a priority of many groups that cannot be easily characterized in terms of any one ideology.
For much of human history, nature was seen as a resource that could be controlled by the government and used for personal and economic gain. The idea was that plants only existed to feed animals and animals only existed to feed humans. The value of land was limited only to the resources it provided such as fertile soil, timber, and minerals.
Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, social views started to change and conservation principles were first practically applied to the forests of British India. The conservation ethic that began to evolve included three core principles: 1) human activities damage the environment, 2) there was a civic duty to maintain the environment for future generations, and 3) scientific, empirically-based methods should be applied to ensure this duty was carried out. Sir James Ranald Martin was prominent in promoting this ideology, publishing numerous medico-topographical reports that demonstrated the damage from large-scale deforestation and desiccation, and lobbying extensively for the institutionalization of forest conservation activities in British India through the establishment of Forest Departments.
The Madras Board of Revenue started local conservation efforts in 1842, headed by Alexander Gibson, a professional botanist who systematically adopted a forest conservation program based on scientific principles. This was the first case of state conservation management of forests in the world. Governor-General Lord Dalhousie introduced the first permanent and large-scale forest conservation program in 1855, a model that soon spread to other colonies, as well to the United States, where Yellowstone National Park was opened in 1872 as the world's first national park.
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The Urban Wilds studio questions how architecture can participate in strengthening urban ecological networks through a critical revision of historically anthropocentric mapping and design methodologie
The Urban Wilds studio questions how architecture can participate in strengthening urban ecological networks through a critical revision of historically anthropocentric mapping and design methodologie
En poursuivant notre exploration de l'architecture du stockage, nous nous pencherons sur l'opposition entre formalisme et réalisme dans le cadre d'un projet de transformation de logements dans la vill
Par l'instructeur Robin Schroff explore les méthodes de restauration des rivières, en mettant l'accent sur une surveillance efficace pour améliorer les résultats de la restauration.
Plonge dans les fonctions écologiques de l'hydraulique fluviale et des techniques d'ingénierie des plantes pour prévenir l'érosion et améliorer la croissance de la végétation.
thumb|upright=1.5|Vue de la Terre depuis la Lune, en 1968, une des premières visions de notre planète comme un ensemble fini et fragile. thumb|upright=1.5|La sauvegarde de la nature, enjeu de la protection de l'environnement. L'environnement est « l'ensemble des éléments (biotiques et abiotiques) qui entourent un individu ou une espèce et dont certains contribuent directement à subvenir à ses besoins », ou encore « l'ensemble des conditions naturelles (physiques, chimiques, biologiques) et culturelles (sociologiques) susceptibles d’agir sur les organismes vivants et les activités humaines ».
La biologie de la conservation (ou écologie de la conservation) est une discipline traitant des questions de perte, maintien ou restauration de biodiversité. Robert Barbault la présente comme une discipline de gestion de crise ; elle vise à identifier les populations en déclin ou relictuelles et les espèces en danger, pour en déterminer les causes de leur déclin, proposer, tester et valider des moyens de remédier à ce déclin (éventuellement provisoirement ex situ).
Roadkill is an animal or animals that have been struck and killed by drivers of motor vehicles. Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) have increasingly been the topic of academic research to understand the causes, and how it can be mitigated. Essentially non-existent before the advent of mechanized transport, roadkill is associated with increasing automobile speed in the early 20th century.
Le climat des montagnes change chaque année, perturbant les activités alpines et le tourisme en particulier à moyenne et basse altitude. Ces dérèglements ont eu des conséquences directes sur le domaine skiable de La Braye à Château-d’Oex (Vaud) dont toute ...
North of La Rochelle, the Baie de l'Aiguillon bears witness to a structurally invasive past, partially camouflaged in its shallow waters. 400 hectares of abandoned oyster beds locally known as crassats, remnants of the shellfish industry, lie in the intert ...
In late December 1973, the United States enacted what some would come to call “the pitbull of environmental laws.” In the 50 years since, the formidable regulatory teeth of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) have been credited with considerable successes, ob ...