Chaussée (terre-plein)

A causeway is a track, road or railway on the upper point of an embankment across "a low, or wet place, or piece of water". It can be constructed of earth, masonry, wood, or concrete. One of the earliest known wooden causeways is the Sweet Track in the Somerset Levels, England, which dates from the Neolithic age. Timber causeways may also be described as both boardwalks and bridges. When first used, the word causeway appeared in a form such as "causey way" making clear its derivation from the earlier form "causey". This word seems to have come from the same source by two different routes. It derives ultimately, from the Latin for heel, calx, and most likely comes from the trampling technique to consolidate earthworks. Originally, the construction of a causeway utilised earth that had been trodden upon to compact and harden it as much as possible, one layer at a time, often by slaves or flocks of sheep. Today, this work is done by machines. The same technique would have been used for road embankments, raised river banks, sea banks and fortification earthworks. The second derivation route is simply the hard, trodden surface of a path. The name by this route came to be applied to any firmly-surfaced road. It is now little-used except in dialect and in the names of roads which were originally notable for their solidly-made surface. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica states "causey, a mound or dam, which is derived, through the Norman-French caucie (cf. modern chaussée), from the late Latin via calciata, a road stamped firm with the feet (calcare, to tread)." The word is comparable in both meanings with the French , from a form of which it reached English by way of Norman French. The French adjective, chaussée, carries the meaning of having been given a hardened surface, and is used to mean either paved or shod. As a noun chaussée is used on the one hand for a metalled carriageway, and on the other for an embankment with or without a road. Other languages have a noun with similar dual meaning. In Welsh, it is sarn.

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Concepts associés (7)

Floride

La Floride (Florida ; Florida ) est un État du Sud-Est des États-Unis, sur la côte du Golfe. Elle est bordée à l'ouest par le golfe du Mexique, au nord par l'Alabama et la Géorgie et à l'est par l'océan Atlantique. Avec plus de d'habitants en 2021, il s'agit du troisième État le plus peuplé du pays après la Californie et le Texas. Avec une superficie de , la Floride se classe au des États fédérés. Sa capitale politique est Tallahassee, mais l'agglomération la plus peuplée est Miami, qui compte plus de d'habitants (estimations de 2017).

Mainland

Mainland is defined as "relating to or forming the main part of a country or continent, not including the islands around it [regardless of status under territorial jurisdiction by an entity]." The term is often politically, economically and/or demographically more significant than politically associated remote territories, such as exclaves or oceanic islands situated outside the continental shelf. In geography, "mainland" can denote the continental (i.e. non-insular) part of any polity or the main island within an island nation.

Chaussée (terre-plein)

thumb|Vue du Ponte di Melide traversant le lac de Lugano en Suisse. Une chaussée est une infrastructure de transport, généralement une route ou une voie de chemin de fer, qui emprunte un terre-plein traversant une étendue d'eau telle une mer, un lac ou un cours d'eau. Le terre-plein peut être interrompu par des ponts afin de permettre à l'eau de s'écouler et les bateaux de franchir l'obstacle. Certaines chaussées peuvent être temporairement submergées par la marée haute comme le passage du Gois en France qui relie l'île de Noirmoutier au continent.