Religion and circumcision

Religious circumcision generally occurs shortly after birth, during childhood, or around puberty as part of a rite of passage. Circumcision is most prevalent in the religions of Judaism and Islam. Circumcision for religious reasons is most prominently practiced by members of the Jewish and Islamic faiths. Brit milah According to the Torah and Halakha (Jewish religious law), ritual circumcision of all male Jews and their slaves (Genesis ) is a Commandment from God that Jews are obligated to perform on the eighth day of birth, and is only postponed or abrogated in the case of threat to the life or health of the child. Jews believe that Gentiles (i. e. non-Jews) are neither required nor obligated to follow this commandment, since it is considered binding exclusively for the Jewish people; according to the Jewish law, only the Seven Laws of Noah apply to non-Jews. Covenant (biblical)#Abrahamic covenant There are numerous references to circumcision in the Hebrew Bible. Circumcision was enjoined upon the biblical patriarch Abraham, his descendants and their slaves as "a token of the Covenant" concluded with him by God for all generations, an "everlasting covenant" (), thus it is commonly observed by two (Judaism and Islam) of the Abrahamic religions. The penalty of non-observance was kareth (Hebrew: "cutting off") from the people (, ; Leviticus ). Non-Israelites had to undergo circumcision before they could be allowed to take part in the feast of Passover (Exodus ). (See also Mosaic Law directed at non-Jews and Conversion to Judaism). It was "a reproach" for an Israelite to be uncircumcised (Joshua ). The name arelim ("uncircumcised") became an opprobrious term, especially a pejorative name for the Philistines, who might have been of Greek origin, in the context of the fierce wars recounted in the First Book of Samuel (, ). When the general (and future king) David wanted to marry King Saul's daughter, the King required a grisly "dowry" of a hundred Philistine foreskins.

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Concepts associés (45)

Controverses sur la circoncision

Les controverses sur la circoncision placent le débat, selon les cas, dans une opposition ou sur le plan d'une critique de l'acte par rapport à l'éthique, à la santé, à la sexualité, à la religion, à la psychologie et à la justice (voir également aspects juridiques de la circoncision). Le Conseil de l'Europe considère les circoncisions non médicales d'enfants, comme une violation de leur intégrité physique dans sa résolution 1952 (non contraignante).

Judéo-christianisme

Le judéo-christianisme correspond, sur le plan historique, aux chrétiens d'origine juive qui observent les prescriptions de la Loi mosaïque. Majoritaire au sein du christianisme au , dispersé par les événements historiques qui frappent la Palestine au cours du , ce courant consiste par la suite en une variété de groupes à la théologie et aux croyances diverses qui disparaissent en Occident au cours du et en Orient au cours du .