UML (informatique)

Résumé

Le Langage de Modélisation Unifié, de l'anglais Unified Modeling Language (UML), est un langage de modélisation graphique à base de pictogrammes conçu comme une méthode normalisée de visualisation dans les domaines du développement logiciel et en conception orientée objet. L'UML est une synthèse de langages de modélisation objet antérieurs : Booch, OMT, OOSE. Principalement issu des travaux de Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh et Ivar Jacobson, UML est à présent un standard adopté par l'Object Management Group (OMG). UML 1.0 a été normalisé en ; UML 2.0 a été adopté par l'OMG en . La dernière version de la spécification validée par l'OMG est UML 2.5.1 (2017). Utilisation UML est destiné à faciliter la conception des documents nécessaires au développement d'un logiciel orienté objet, comme standard de modélisation de l'architecture logicielle. Les différents éléments représentables sont :

Activité d'un objet/logiciel
Acteurs
Processus
Schéma de base de données
Composa

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML_(informatique)

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Use cases are an excellent tool for capturing behavioral requirements of software systems, but they are not an ideal work product for driving design activities. We believe that there is value from complementing use case descriptions with pre- and postcondition descriptions, not only to better support reasoning about system properties and a basis for testing and debugging, but also to better support a predictable decomposition level on which one can base a systematic transition to design. Nevertheless, we recognize that pre- and postcondition descriptions are not widely used in practice. We believe this is in part due to the formalism used. Either the formalism is too heavy to learn and use, or the formalism does not offer sufficient abstraction from the vocabulary of implementation. Via an example, the paper highlights our approach for specifying system behavior, which uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and its Object Constraint Language (OCL). We focus the paper on pre- and postconditions descriptions and in particular propose a number of enhancements and interpretations to OCL that we made while refining our approach. In particular, we describe a number of issues that cover areas such as the frame problem, incremental descriptions, structuring schemas, and events and exceptions.

Springer Verlag2002

Chargement

This thesis presents the structural organization, theoretical foundations and basic application principles of Triune Continuum Paradigm, an original paradigm applicable to object-oriented modeling. The paradigm defines a metamodeling structure efficient in the scope of general system modeling, in particular for object-oriented frameworks. This structure is rigorous and at the same time flexible. It allows the definition of formal ontologies for various specific object-oriented frameworks, for example for "Unified Modeling Language" (UML) or for "Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing" (RM-ODP is an ISO/ITU standard). Thus different existing frameworks, like UML or RM-ODP, can benefit from the logical rigor, internal consistency, interpretation coherency, formal presentation and solid theoretical foundations of the defined paradigm. Adoption of this paradigm allows the resolution of crucial problems existing in these different object-oriented frameworks. The paradigm is formally presented and realized in a computer-interpretable form on the example of ontology describing the RM-ODP conceptual framework. Thus the paradigm realizes an important result that was never achieved previously: a single consistent formalization of the RM-ODP standard conceptual framework. This formalization presents a concrete example of formal ontology for general system modeling. The paradigm is also applied on UML. This application allowed the presentation of theoretical foundations that are necessary for the understanding and definition of the UML metamodel. This thesis is useful to readers who are interested in the fundamentals of system analysis. It can be particularly interesting to the UML semantics specialists, to the RM-ODP experts, and to ontological engineers.

EPFL2002

Chargement

This thesis presents the structural organization, theoretical foundations and basic application principles of Triune Continuum Paradigm, an original paradigm applicable to object-oriented modeling. The paradigm defines a metamodeling structure efficient in the scope of general system modeling, in particular for object-oriented frameworks. This structure is rigorous and at the same time flexible. It allows the definition of formal ontologies for various specific object-oriented frameworks, for example for Unified Modeling Language (UML) or for Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP is an ISO/ITU standard). Thus different existing frameworks, like UML or RM-ODP, can benefit from the logical rigor, internal consistency, interpretation coherency, formal presentation and solid theoretical foundations of the defined paradigm. Adoption of this paradigm allows the resolution of crucial problems existing in these different object-oriented frameworks. The paradigm is formally presented and realized in a computer-interpretable form on the example of ontology describing the RM-ODP conceptual framework. Thus the paradigm realizes an important result that was never achieved previously: a single consistent formalization of the RM-ODP standard conceptual framework. This formalization presents a concrete example of formal ontology for general system modeling. The paradigm is also applied on UML. This application allowed the presentation of theoretical foundations that are necessary for the understanding and definition of the UML metamodel. This thesis is useful to readers who are interested in the fundamentals of system analysis. It can be particularly interesting to the UML semantics specialists, to the RM-ODP experts, and to ontological engineers.

2002

Chargement