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Concept
Methylergometrine
Résumé
Methylergometrine, also known as methylergonovine and sold under the brand name Methergine, is a medication of the ergoline and lysergamide groups which is used as an oxytocic in obstetrics and in the treatment of migraine. It reportedly produces psychedelic effects similar to those of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) at high doses.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Methylergometrine is a smooth muscle constrictor that mostly acts on the uterus. It is most commonly used to prevent or control excessive bleeding following childbirth and spontaneous or elective abortion, and also to aid in expulsion of retained products of conception after a missed abortion (miscarriage in which all or part of the fetus remains in the uterus) and to help deliver the placenta after childbirth. It is available as tablets or injection (IM or IV) or in liquid form to be taken orally.
Methylergometrine is sometimes used for both prevention and acute treatment of migraine. It is an active metabolite of methysergide. In the treatment of cluster headaches, methylergometrine has been initiated at a dose of 0.2 mg/day, rapidly increased to 0.2 mg three times per day, and increased to a maximum of 0.4 mg three times per day.
Methylergometrine is contraindicated in patients with hypertension and pre-eclampsia. It is also contraindicated in HIV positive patients taking protease inhibitors, delavirdine, and efavirenz (which is also an agonist at the 5-HT2A–mGlu2 receptor protomer and increases the chances of a patient experiencing hallucinations during methylergometrine therapy).
Adverse effects include:
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Dizziness
Pulmonary hypertension
Coronary artery vasoconstriction
Severe systemic hypertension (especially in patients with pre-eclampsia)
Convulsions
In excessive doses, methylergometrine can also lead to cramping, respiratory depression and coma.
Methylergometrine likely interacts with drugs that inhibit the liver enzyme CYP3A4, such as azole antifungals, macrolide antibiotics and many HIV drugs.
Source officielle
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Concepts associés (1)
Ergométrine
L (ou ) est un alcaloïde, de la famille des lysergamides, synthétisé par Claviceps purpurea (ergot de seigle) ou par les espèces du genre Periglandula, autre champignon de la famille des Clavicipitaceae qui, lui, est associé au volubilis (morning glory, famille des Convolvulaceae). À cause de ses propriétés similaires à l'ocytocine, l'ergométrine a été utilisée en médecine dans le domaine de l'obstétrique pour prévenir les hémorragies après l'accouchement. Pour la même indication, on utilise encore un dérivé synthétique, la méthylergométrine.