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The rapid evolution of drug resistance remains a critical public health concern. The treatment of influenza A virus (IAV) has proven particularly challenging, due to the ability of the virus to develop resistance against current antivirals and vaccines. He ...
Objective: Plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, a biomarker of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO) activity, is a strong independent predictor of mortality in HIV-infected Ugandans initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may play a key role in HIV patho ...
Background and Purpose: Transgenic mice over-expressing Notch2 in the uvea exhibit a hyperplastic ciliary body leading to increased IOP and glaucoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible presence of NOTCH2 variants in patients with primary ...
We propose to investigate a new approach to effect checking that has an elegant solution to the effect polymorphism problem. The central idea is that instead of talking about effects we talk about capabilities. For instance, instead of saying a function “t ...
Background Efavirenz and abacavir are components of recommended first-line regimens for HIV-1 infection. We used genome-wide genotyping and clinical data to explore genetic associations with virologic failure among patients randomized to efavirenz-containi ...
Genetic variations of the alpha7 subunit of the nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA7) are linked to cognitive deficits in aging and schizophrenia. However, little is known about associations of the CHRNA7 gene with aged-related decline in visua ...
The therapeutic benefits of the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir are dampened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations in influenza A virus (IAV). To investigate the mechanistic features that underlie resistance, we developed an approach to qu ...
The outcome after infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a complex phenotype determined by interactions among the pathogen, the human host and the surrounding environment. An impact of host genetic variation on HIV-1 susceptibili ...
The diversification of immune systems during evolution involves the expansion of particular gene families in given phyla. A better understanding of the metazoan immune system requires an analysis of the logic underlying such immune gene amplification. This ...
A key, yet often neglected, component of digital evolution and evolutionary models is the 'selection method' which assigns fitness (number of offspring) to individuals based on their performance scores (efficiency in performing tasks). Here, we study with ...