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Concept
Onbashira
Résumé
The Mihashira or Onbashira are four wooden posts or pillars that stand on the four corners of local shrines in the Lake Suwa area of Nagano Prefecture (historical Shinano Province), Japan. The largest and most famous set of onbashira are those that stand on the four shrines that make up the Suwa Grand Shrine complex.
By custom, the onbashira are replaced every six (traditionally reckoned as seven) years, in the years of the Monkey and the Tiger in the Chinese zodiac. In Suwa Shrine, this occurs during the Onbashira Festival, which also functions as a symbolic renewal of the shrine's buildings. During the festival, sixteen specially chosen fir trees are felled and then transported down a mountain, where they are then erected at the four corners of each shrine. Festival participants ride the onbashira as they are slid down the mountain, dragged to the shrine, and raised, and the festival has the reputation of being the most dangerous in Japan due to the number of people regularly injured or killed while riding the logs. This festival, which lasts several months, consists of two main segments, Yamadashi and Satobiki. Yamadashi traditionally takes place in April, and Satobiki takes place in May. For 2022, the Yamadashi portion has been cancelled due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, but the Satobiki is still scheduled to begin on 3 May.
What is known today as 'Suwa (Grand) Shrine', 諏訪大社, was originally two distinct sites made up of four individual shrines: the 本宮 and the 前宮 comprise the Upper Shrine 上社 located in the modern-day cities of Suwa and Chino on the southeastern side of Lake Suwa, respectively, while the spring shrine and autumn shrine in the town of Shimosuwa on the opposite (northern) side of the lake make up the Lower Shrine.
The shrine's deity, known either as Suwa Daimyōjin or Takeminakata, was worshipped since antiquity as a god of wind and water, as well as a patron of hunting and warfare. In this latter capacity, he enjoyed a particularly fervent cult from various samurai clans during the Middle Ages.
Source officielle
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