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Background: Glucose is the most important metabolic substrate of the retina and maintenance of normoglycemia is an essential challenge for diabetic patients. Glycemic excursions could lead to cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. ...
Sexual selection is a powerful and ubiquitous force in sexual populations. It has recently been argued that sexual selection can eliminate the twofold cost of sex even with low genomic mutation rates. By means of differential male mating success, deleterio ...
"There is more virus in us than us in us". John Coffin's famous sentence illustrates that particular nucleic acid sequences related to exogenous viruses, called retrotransposons, constitute almost half of the human genome and largely exceeds the amount of ...
The development of the vertebrate limb is dependent upon two signaling centers, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which provides the underlying mesenchyme with essential growth factors, and the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA), the source of the Sonic he ...
Health risks posed by waterborne viruses are difficult to assess because it is tedious or impossible to determine the infectivity of many viruses. Recent studies hypothesized that quantitative PCR (qPCR) could selectively quantify infective viruses if prec ...
Performance deteriorates when a target is flanked by contextual elements. For example, vernier thresholds increase when the vernier is flanked by lines. But when the lines are made part of a “good Gestalt”, like a rectangle, deterioration is reduced. Our e ...
Protein oxidation mechanisms result in a wide array of modifications, from backbone cleavage or protein crosslinking to more subtle modifications such as side chain oxidations. Protein oxidation occurs as part of normal regulatory processes, as a defence m ...
The peritrophic matrix (PM) forms a layer composed of chitin and glycoproteins that lines the insect intestinal lumen. This physical barrier plays a role analogous to that of mucous secretions of the vertebrate digestive tract and is thought to protect the ...
Huntington's disease (HD), caused by a mutation of the corresponding gene encoding the protein huntingtin (htt), is characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive and motor functions, paralleled by extensive loss of striatal neurons. At the cellul ...
The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a direct energy conversion device, which allows the production of electricity with high efficiency while maintaining pollutant emissions at a low level. It offers better fuel flexibility and lower vulnerability to impuri ...