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Concept
Classes of computers
Résumé
Computers can be classified, or typed, in many ways. Some common classifications of computers are given below.
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Microcomputers became the most common type of computer in the late 20th century. The term “microcomputer” was introduced with the advent of systems based on single-chip microprocessors. The best-known early system was the Altair 8800, introduced in 1975. The term "microcomputer" has practically become an anachronism as it has fallen into disuse.
These computers include:
Desktop computers – A case put under or on a desk. The display may be optional, depending on use. The case size may vary, depending on the required expansion slots. Very small computers of this kind may be integrated into the monitor.
Rackmount computers – The cases of these computers fit into 19-inch racks, and maybe space-optimized and very flat. A dedicated display, keyboard, and mouse may not exist, but a KVM switch or built-in remote control (via LAN or other means) can be used to gain console access. Many servers are rackmount computers and data centers may have dozens or hundreds of racks with hundreds or thousands of rackmount computers acting as servers.
In-car computers (carputers) – Built into automobiles, for entertainment, navigation, etc.
Laptops and notebook computers – Portable and all in one case.
Tablet computer – Like laptops, but with a touch-screen, entirely replacing the physical keyboard.
Smartphones, smartbooks, and palmtop computers – Small handheld personal computers with limited hardware specifications.
Programmable calculator– Like small handhelds, but specialized in mathematical work.
Video game consoles – Fixed computers built specifically for entertainment purposes.
Handheld game consoles – The same as game consoles, but small and portable.
Minicomputers (colloquially, minis) are a class of multi-user computers that lie in the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the smallest mainframe computers and the largest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers).
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