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Concept
Composé cyclique
Résumé
A cyclic compound (or ring compound) is a term for a compound in the field of chemistry in which one or more series of atoms in the compound is connected to form a ring. Rings may vary in size from three to many atoms, and include examples where all the atoms are carbon (i.e., are carbocycles), none of the atoms are carbon (inorganic cyclic compounds), or where both carbon and non-carbon atoms are present (heterocyclic compounds with rings containing both carbon and non-carbon). Depending on the ring size, the bond order of the individual links between ring atoms, and their arrangements within the rings, carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds may be aromatic or non-aromatic; in the latter case, they may vary from being fully saturated to having varying numbers of multiple bonds between the ring atoms. Because of the tremendous diversity allowed, in combination, by the valences of common atoms and their ability to form rings, the number of possible cyclic structures, even of small size (e.g., < 17 total atoms) numbers in the many billions.
Image: Ingenol.svg| [[Ingenol]], a complex, [[terpene|terpenoid]] [[natural product]], related to but simpler than the [[paclitaxel]] that follows, which displays a complex ring structure including 3-, 5-, and 7-membered non-aromatic, carbocyclic rings.
Image:First four cycloalkanes - en.svg | [[Cycloalkane]]s, the simplest carbocycles, including [[cyclopropane]], [[cyclobutane]], [[cyclopentane]], and [[cyclohexane]]. Note, elsewhere an [[organic chemistry]] shorthand is used where hydrogen atoms are inferred as present to fill the carbon's valence of 4 (rather than their being shown explicitly).
Image:Taxol.svg | [[Paclitaxel]], another complex, plant-derived [[terpene|terpenoid]], also a natural product, displaying a complex multi-ring structure including 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings (carbocyclic and heterocyclic, [[aromaticity|aromatic]] and non-aromatic).
Source officielle
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