Submarine pipelineA submarine pipeline (also known as marine, subsea or offshore pipeline) is a pipeline that is laid on the seabed or below it inside a trench. In some cases, the pipeline is mostly on-land but in places it crosses water expanses, such as small seas, straits and rivers. Submarine pipelines are used primarily to carry oil or gas, but transportation of water is also important. A distinction is sometimes made between a flowline and a pipeline.
Offshore drillingOffshore drilling is a mechanical process where a wellbore is drilled below the seabed. It is typically carried out in order to explore for and subsequently extract petroleum that lies in rock formations beneath the seabed. Most commonly, the term is used to describe drilling activities on the continental shelf, though the term can also be applied to drilling in lakes, inshore waters and inland seas. Offshore drilling presents environmental challenges, both offshore and onshore from the produced hydrocarbons and the materials used during the drilling operation.
Subsea technologySubsea technology involves fully submerged ocean equipment, operations, or applications, especially when some distance offshore, in deep ocean waters, or on the seabed. The term subsea is frequently used in connection with oceanography, marine or ocean engineering, ocean exploration, remotely operated vehicle (ROVs) autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), submarine communications or power cables, seafloor mineral mining, oil and gas, and offshore wind power.
Plate-forme pétrolièreUne plate-forme pétrolière est une construction marine fixe ou flottante qui sert à l'exploitation d'un champ pétrolifère. Elle supporte principalement les dispositifs nécessaires pour la phase de forage et d'extraction du pétrole, ainsi que parfois des équipements destinés à assurer une présence humaine à bord. Certaines plates-formes permettent de transformer le pétrole, le gaz naturel ou ses condensats extraits, de façon qu'ils soient plus faciles à transporter et à exporter.
