Scientific literature comprises academic papers that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences. Within a field of research, relevant papers are often referred to as "the literature". Academic publishing is the process of contributing the results of one's research into the literature, which often requires a peer-review process.
Original scientific research published for the first time in scientific journals is called the primary literature. Patents and technical reports, for minor research results and engineering and design work (including computer software), can also be considered primary literature.
Secondary sources include review articles (which summarize the findings of published studies to highlight advances and new lines of research) and books (for large projects or broad arguments, including compilations of articles).
Tertiary sources might include encyclopedias and similar works intended for broad public consumption.
Scientific literature can include the following kinds of publications:
Scientific articles published in scientific journals
Patents in the relevant subject (for example, biological patents and chemical patents)
Books wholly written by one author or a few co-authors
Edited volumes, where each chapter is the responsibility of a different author or group of authors, while the editor is responsible for determining the scope of the project, keeping the work on schedule, and ensuring consistency of style and content
presentations at academic conferences, especially those organized by learned societies
Government reports such as a forensic investigation conducted by a government agency such as the NTSB
Scientific publications on the World Wide Web (although e.g. scientific journals are now commonly published on the web)
Books, technical reports, pamphlets, and working papers issued by individual researchers or research organizations on their own initiative; these are sometimes organized into a series.
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The goal of this course is to learn to analyze a scientific paper critically, asking whether the data presented support the conclusions that are drawn. The analysis is presented in the form of a summa
Le Web of Science est une plateforme d’information scientifique et technique gérée par Clarivate, et originellement produite par la société ISI – Institute for Scientific Information de Thomson Scientific, division du groupe canadien Thomson Reuters.
Scholarly peer review or academic peer review (also known as refereeing) is the process of having a draft version of a researcher's methods and findings reviewed (usually anonymously) by experts (or "peers") in the same field. Peer review is widely used for helping the academic publisher (that is, the editor-in-chief, the editorial board or the program committee) decide whether the work should be accepted, considered acceptable with revisions, or rejected for official publication in an academic journal, a monograph or in the proceedings of an academic conference.
Une référence bibliographique est un ensemble de données permettant d'identifier un document publié, ou une partie de ce document, et d'y faire référence. En général, une référence bibliographique contient au moins le titre du document, son auteur, l'éditeur et la date de publication. Une référence bibliographique peut être utilisée à l'intérieur du corps d'un texte, souvent sous une forme alphanumérique ou abrégée avec renvoi en fin de document ou en bas de page.
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The volume collects the material produced for the exhibition 'The Sky in the Room' and a selection of scientific texts on the question of analogue continuity in digital transition. The contributions will be focused on verifying the operative method in teac ...
EPFL Press2024
This chapter offers a new view of post-Soviet Ukrainain literary memory as expressed in varous texts, redefining the role of clashing narratives of the past under the divisive political and social conditions of upheavals, crises, and military conflicts. Th ...
Routledge2024
The archive of science is a place where scientific practices are sedimented in the form of drafts, protocols of rejected hypotheses and failed experiments, obsolete instruments, outdated visualizations and other residues. Today, just as science goes more a ...