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Concept
New Classical architecture
Résumé
New Classical architecture, New Classicism or Contemporary Classical architecture is a contemporary movement in architecture that continues the practice of Classical architecture. It is sometimes considered the modern continuation of Neoclassical architecture, even though other styles might be cited as well, such as Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance or even non-Western styles – often referenced and recreated from a postmodern perspective as opposed to being strict revival styles.
The design and construction of buildings in ever-evolving classical styles continued throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, even as modernist and other non-classical theories broke with the classical language of architecture. The new classical movement is also connected to a surge in new traditional architecture, that is crafted according to local building traditions and materials.
In Great Britain during the 1950s and 1960s, a handful of architects continued to design buildings in a neoclassical style, contrary to the prevailing fashion for Modern architecture. Donald McMorran (1904–1965), a partner in the firm McMorran & Whitby, who once described the Modernist movement as "a dictatorship of taste", designed several noteworthy neoclassical buildings such as Cripps Hall at the University of Nottingham (completed 1959); the extension to the Old Bailey (completed 1972); and numerous civic buildings and housing estates. Another noteworthy British architect, Raymond Erith (1904–1973), designed classical buildings from the establishment of his practice in 1946 until his death in 1973. He is best known for his restoration work at London's Downing Street (completed 1963), and for having mentored the New Classical architect Quinlan Terry (born 1937), Erith's pupil and employee, then partner, and finally successor to his practice.
French architect François Spoerry also continued to create classical designs from the 1960s onwards, later culminating in the European Urban Renaissance. In the late 1970s several young architects in Europe began challenging modernist proposals in architecture and planning.
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Architecture complémentaire
L'architecture complémentaire est un mouvement de l'architecture contemporaine qui promeut la pratique architecturale enracinée dans une compréhension globale du contexte, visant à contribuer à l'environnement de manière à continuer et à améliorer ou à mettre en valeur ses qualités préexistantes. Les caractéristiques essentielles de l'architecture complémentaire comprennent la durabilité, l'altruisme, le contextualisme, l'endémisme et la continuité d'un langage de conception régional spécifique.
Style architectural
An architectural style is a set of characteristics and features that make a building or structure notable or historically identifiable. It is a sub-class of style in the visual arts generally, and most styles in architecture relate closely to a wider contemporary artistic style. A style may include such elements as form, method of construction, building materials, and regional character. Most architecture can be classified within a chronology of styles which changes over time, reflecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, or the emergence of new ideas, technology, or materials which make new styles possible.
Architecture moderne
vignette|Gerrit Rietveld, maison Schröder, 1924. vignette|Richard Neutra, Lovell House, Hollywood Hills (1927–1929) vignette|Pavillon allemand de Barcelone, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1929 vignette|Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, 1935-1939 vignette|Juan O'Gorman, Bibliothèque, Université nationale autonome du Mexique, 1949-1952 vignette|Oscar Niemeyer, Congrès national du Brésil, Brasilia, 1960 vignette|Eero Saarinen, JFK International Airport, 1962.