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Recent palaeomagnetic observations(1) report the existence of a magnetic field on Earth that is at least 3.45 billion years old. Compositional buoyancy caused by inner-core growth(2) is the primary driver of Earth's present-day geodynamo(3-5), but the inne ...
We report on the stabilization of ferroelectric HfxZr1-xO2 (HZO) films crystallized using a low thermal budget millisecond flash lamp annealing technique. Utilizing a 120 s 375 degrees C preheat step combined with millisecond flash lamp pulses, ferroelectr ...
Seismic imaging of the internal Earth has emphasized the inhomogeneity of its mantle. This interface layer of nearly 3000 km surrounding the central metallic core conducts heat released from the latter, which played a significant role in shaping the actual ...
The diffusive regime of double-diffusive convection generates staircases consisting of thin high-gradient interfaces sandwiched between convectively mixed layers. Simultaneous microstructure measurements of both temperature and conductivity from the stairc ...
Estimates of vertical diffusivity inferred from microstructure measurements in the 2 thermocline of the open ocean (approximately 0.1 cm(2) s(-1)) are typically an order of magnitude smaller than values obtained with basin-wide tracer balances (approximate ...
Mountain snow covers typically become patchy over the course of a melting season. The snow pattern during melt is mainly governed by the end of winter snow depth distribution and the local energy balance. The objective of this study is to investigate micro ...
Reactivation of structures inherited from previous collisional or rifting events, especially lithospheric-scale faults, is a major feature of plate tectonics. Its expression ranges from continental break-up along ancient collisional belts to linear arrays ...
Arsenic (As) is simultaneously a ubiquitous and a toxic element. Arsenic is subject to bio-transformations catalyzed by microorganisms constituting the As biogeochemical cycle. The primordial Earth was devoid of oxygen, exposing life to the highly mobile a ...
Two-phase, refrigerant-based cooling offers significant promise for increasing heat densities and energy efficiencies of electronic components. One barrier to wide spread adoption of two-phase cooling solutions is preserving product features deemed essenti ...
