Petroleum reservoirA petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations. Such reservoirs form when kerogen (ancient plant matter) is created in surrounding rock by the presence of high heat and pressure in the Earth's crust. Petroleum reservoirs are broadly classified as conventional and unconventional reservoirs.
Unconventional (oil & gas) reservoirUnconventional (oil & gas) reservoirs, or unconventional resources (resource plays) are accumulations where oil & gas phases are tightly bound to the rock fabric by strong capillary forces, requiring specialised measures for evaluation and extraction. Petroleum reservoir Oil and gas are generated naturally at depths of around 4 or 5 kms below Earth’s surface. Being lighter than the water, which saturates rocks below the water table, the oil and gas percolate up through aquifer pathways towards Earth's surface (through time) by buoyancy.
Extraction du pétroleL'extraction de pétrole est le processus par lequel le pétrole utilisable est extrait et retiré du sous sol. Les géologues utilisent des études sismiques pour rechercher des structures géologiques qui peuvent abriter des réservoirs de pétrole. La méthode «classique» consiste à faire exploser une charge explosive souterraine à proximité et observer la réponse sismique qui fournit des informations sur les structures géologiques souterraines. Cependant, il existe aussi des méthodes «passives» qui extraient des informations à partir des ondes sismiques naturelles.
