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Eukaryotic cyclic nucleotide-modulated (CNM) ion channels perform various physiological roles by opening in response to cyclic nucleotides binding to a specialized cyclic nucleotide-binding domain. Despite progress in structure-function analysis, the confo ...
In order to adjust to changes in the environment, cells can communicate via signalling cascades. A common pathway for intercellular communication is the G-protein-coupled- receptor (GPCR) signal transduction cascade which is triggered by a (chemical or phy ...
Blood flow promotes emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the developing embryo, yet the signals generated by hemodynamic forces that influence hematopoietic potential remain poorly defined. Here we show that fluid shear stress endows ...
The cyclic AMP-dependent transcriptional regulator GlxR from Corynebacterium glutamicum is a member of the super-family of CRP/FNR (cyclic AMP receptor protein/fumarate and nitrate reduction regulator) transcriptional regulators that play central roles in ...
Photoswitchable ligands are used to control and study complex biological systems such as folding of proteins and peptides, enzymatic reactions or neuronal signaling. They are typically developed by conjugating photochromic compounds to known ligands so tha ...
Type IV pili (TFP) function as mechanosensors to trigger acute virulence programs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On surface contact, TFP retraction activates the Chp chemosensory system phosphorelay to upregulate 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production a ...
Metabolism of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid has been shown to be temperature- dependent in cartilage explants, with optimal anabolic effects between 36 1C and 38 1C. At rest, the temperature of human knee has a value of around 33 1C. We aim to show in ...
The innate immune defence of multicellular organisms against microbial pathogens requires cellular collaboration. Information exchange allowing immune cells to collaborate is generally attributed to soluble protein factors secreted by pathogen-sensing cell ...
BackgroundThe human pathogen Vibrio cholerae normally enters the developmental program of natural competence for transformation after colonizing chitinous surfaces. Natural competence is regulated by at least three pathways in this organism: chitin sensing ...
The greenhouse gas and energy carrier methane is produced on Earth mainly by methanogenic archaea. In the hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathway the reduction of one CO2 to one methane molecule requires four molecules of H-2 containing eight electrons. Four ...