Concept
Commutation de paquets
Concepts associés (44)
Histoire d'Internet
Lhistoire d'Internet remonte au début des années 1960. L'idée d’un réseau informatique, permettant aux utilisateurs de différents ordinateurs de communiquer, se développa par de nombreuses étapes successives. La somme de tous ces développements conduisit au « réseau des réseaux » (network of networks) que nous connaissons aujourd’hui en tant qu'Internet. Il est le fruit à la fois de développements technologiques et du regroupement d’infrastructures réseau existantes et de systèmes de télécommunications.
Public data network
A public data network (PDN) is a network established and operated by a telecommunications administration, or a recognized private operating agency, for the specific purpose of providing data transmission services for the public. The first public packet switching network, RETD, was deployed in 1972 in Spain. "Public data network" was the common name given to the collection of X.25 providers, the first of which was DATAPAC in 1976. The International Packet Switched Service became the first commercial and international packet-switched network in 1978.
Message switching
In telecommunications, message switching involves messages routed in their entirety, one hop at a time. It evolved from circuit switching and was the precursor of packet switching. An example of message switching is email in which the message is sent through different intermediate servers to reach the mail server for storing. Unlike packet switching, the message is not divided into smaller units and sent independently over the network. Western Union operated a message switching system, Plan 55-A, for processing telegrams in the 1950s.
Paul Baran
Paul Baran, né le à Grodno, alors en Pologne, mort le à Palo Alto, est un informaticien, un physicien et un mathématicien américain qui a inventé indépendamment de Donald Davies la communication sur réseau de données par paquets en s'appuyant sur les recherches du professeur Leonard Kleinrock, premier chercheur sur la transmission de données par paquets, travaillant à l'époque au MIT et ayant fourni son premier texte de thèse sur le sujet Information Flow in Large Communication Nets.
Tymnet
Tymnet was an international data communications network headquartered in Cupertino, California that used virtual call packet-switched technology and X.25, SNA/SDLC, BSC and Async interfaces to connect host computers (servers) at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies. Users typically connected via dial-up connections or dedicated asynchronous connections. The business consisted of a large public network that supported dial-up users and a private network that allowed government agencies and large companies (mostly banks and airlines) to build their own dedicated networks.
Best effort (réseau)
Best effort, en matière de réseau de télécommunication, désigne la nature d'un service où la seule garantie de bonne transmission est que le réseau fera au mieux de ce qui est possible. La terminologie anglaise, introduite pour le service de datagrammes du réseau de transmission d'Internet, est largement utilisée dans les articles techniques en langue française. Avec ce service, le réseau n'exerce pas de contrôle de flux sur les sources de données en fonction de la capacité des destinations à les accepter.
Telenet
Telenet was an American commercial packet-switched network which went into service in 1975. It was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States. Various commercial and government interests paid monthly fees for dedicated lines connecting their computers and local networks to this backbone network. Free public dialup access to Telenet, for those who wished to access these systems, was provided in hundreds of cities throughout the United States. The original founding company, Telenet Inc.
Telecommunication circuit
A telecommunication circuit is a path in a telecommunications network used to transmit information. Circuits have evolved from generally being built on physical connections between individual hardware cables, as in an analog phone switch, to virtual circuits established over packet switching networks. A telecommunication circuit may be defined as follows: The complete path between two terminals over which one-way or two-way communications may be provided.
DATAPAC
DATAPAC, or Datapac in some documents, was Canada's packet switched X.25-equivalent data network. Initial work on a data-only network started in 1972 and was announced by Bell Canada in 1974 as Dataroute. DATAPAC was implemented by adding packet switching to the existing Dataroute networks. It opened for use in 1976 as the world's first public data network based on X.25. Operated first by Trans-Canada Telephone System, then Telecom Canada, then the Stentor Alliance, it finally reverted to Bell Canada when the Stentor Alliance was dissolved in 1999.
Reliable byte stream
A reliable byte stream is a common service paradigm in computer networking; it refers to a byte stream in which the bytes which emerge from the communication channel at the recipient are exactly the same, and in exactly the same order, as they were when the sender inserted them into the channel. The classic example of a reliable byte stream communication protocol is the Transmission Control Protocol, one of the major building blocks of the Internet.