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Concept
Azazil
Résumé
In many Islamic and Islam-related traditions, Azazil (Arabic: عزازيل ʿAzāzīl, also known as Arabic: حارث Ḥārith) is the legendary prototype of the devil in Islamic culture. Azazil was considered to be among the nearest to God's throne, but because he sinned through pride, he became a devil.
In Islamic tradition, Azazil is usually seen as the original name of Iblis, before he was expelled from heaven. Although Azazil is mostly portrayed as an archangel, who was already created when God made the jinn, in some reports Azazil is considered created as a jinni first but elevated to the rank of the angels.
Drawing from Turkic Sufi sources, ʿAzāzīl was neither an angel nor a jinn, but an undefined being. He grew up pious and was lifted up to live with the angels in the first heaven. Then he was sent by God to the jinn on earth to persuade them to follow the right path. Since most jinn didn't listen, they were burned by God's fire. However, since ʿAzāzīl's piety increased he was bestowed with angelic qualities and placed in the seventh heaven, until he became proud of his achievements and refused to prostrate himself before Adam.
In some mystical interpretations of Islam, like Sufism, Ismailism and Alevism, Azazil's fall happened before the creation of the world and he therefore, becomes the originator or prototype of sin in this world.
The name is derived from Azazel, a fallen angel in the Apocalypse of Abraham. Here, Azazel is said to have lost his former glory as a servant of God to humans.
Islamic philologists construct his name to the words aziz and il (God's dear), depicting him as God's once favorite angel.
According to many Arabic scholars, Azazil was the personal name of Satan (Iblis). Ibn Manzur (June–July 1233 – December 1311/January 1312) writes in his dictionary of the Arabic language:
"The word "إبليس" [(Iblis)] is from the root "بلس" [()]. The root may mean: to be silent. "أبلس من رحمة الله" means to be in despair of
Allah's mercy, hence, the name إبليس (Iblis). His original name was Azazil.
Source officielle
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