ÉtouffementChoking, also known as foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO), is a phenomenon that occurs when breathing is impeded by a blockage inside of the respiratory tract. An obstruction that prevents oxygen from entering the lungs results in oxygen deprivation. Although oxygen stored in the blood and lungs can keep a person alive for several minutes after breathing stops, choking often leads to death. Over 4,000 choking-related deaths occur in the United States every year.
Advanced airway managementAdvanced airway management is the subset of airway management that involves advanced training, skill, and invasiveness. It encompasses various techniques performed to create an open or patent airway – a clear path between a patient's lungs and the outside world. This is accomplished by clearing or preventing obstructions of airways. Obstructions can be caused by many things, including the patient's own tongue or other anatomical components of the airway, foreign bodies, excessive amounts of blood and body fluids, or aspiration of food particles.
Libération des voies aériennesLes voies aériennes peuvent être obstruées accidentellement, gênant ou empêchant le passage de l'air. Il faut alors libérer le passage de l'air, « assurer la perméabilité des voies aériennes supérieures », pour permettre la ventilation spontanée ou la ventilation artificielle. C'est la libération des voies aériennes (LVA). On parle aussi de contrôle des voies aériennes.
Méthode de HeimlichLa méthode ou manœuvre de Heimlich est un geste de premiers secours permettant la libération des voies aériennes chez l'adulte et l'enfant de plus d'un an. Elle a été décrite pour la première fois par Henry J. Heimlich en 1974 et sert en cas d'obstruction totale des voies aériennes par un corps étranger. La méthode de Heimlich sert à déloger un objet coincé dans la gorge et qui empêche une personne de respirer. Elle est totalement inefficace si l'air passe, notamment si la personne tousse.
Basic life supportBasic life support (BLS) is a level of medical care which is used for patients with life-threatening illnesses or injuries until they can be given full medical care by advanced life support providers (paramedics, nurses, physicians). It can be provided by trained medical personnel, such as emergency medical technicians, and by qualified bystanders. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) was formed in 1992 to coordinate the efforts of resuscitation worldwide.
Airway obstructionAirway obstruction is a blockage of respiration in the airway that hinders the free flow of air. It can be broadly classified into being either in the upper airway (UPA) or lower airway (LOA). Airway obstruction is a life-threatening condition and requires urgent attention, and assistance when it is needed. The assistance to clear an upper airway obstruction would begin employing first-aid anti-choking techniques.
