Brique (matériau)

thumb|right|Le sol d'une allée en briques. vignette|Le château de La Ferté-Imbault est le plus grand édifice en briques de Sologne. Une brique est un élément de construction généralement en forme de parallélépipède rectangle constitué de terre argileuse crue, séchée au soleil ou cuite au four, employée principalement dans la construction de murs. Histoire thumb|La brique émaillée était déjà connue dans la Mésopotamie antique. vignette|Basilique San Petronio (Bologne), la plus grande église gothique édifiée en brique au monde (volume de environ). La pierre naturelle ou les troncs d'arbre peuvent correspondre au besoin de se protéger dans les régions où ils peuvent être facilement prélevés. Dans les pays d'embouchures de fleuves, l'argile constitue l'un des principaux matériaux de construction utilisés : la brique est facilement réalisable à partir d'argile ou de terre crue, on a parlé au de « terre franche ». D’autre part, cette brique de terre crue, quand elle est a

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Atomistic Simulation of Cementitious Systems: An Insight Into Adsorption of Ions and Small Molecules Onto Portlandite and C-S-H Surfaces

Masood Valavi

AbstractCalcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) has been studied extensively over the last few decades to gain understanding toward the underlying mechanism of different stages during cement hydration. The variable stoichiometry and nanocrystallinity of C-S-H makes it difficult to characterize experimentally. The second most abundant hydration product of cement is portlandite which has a simpler crystalline structure in comparison to C-S-H and has been used as a training/building system for future simulation of C-S-H bulk and surfaces. In this PhD project we are interested in a better fundamental understanding of the interaction of sulfate and secondary ions (Aluminium, Magnesium,...) with cementitious materials (e.g. portlandite and C-S-H). It has been shown that sulfate considerably affects the morphology of growing portlandite and C-S-H which will affect the physical properties of cement and concrete. A better fundamental understanding of this adsorption or incorporation into bulk structures will improve our understanding of the growth of C-S-H in the presence of such ions. In this project, utilizing molecular dynamics and metadynamics, we will systematically investigate the interaction of ions found in cement pore solutions with portlandite and C-S-H. For this purpose, we will use the Brick model recently developed in our group by Mohamedet al. (1) to create model structures for the C-S-H. We also have started to develop a new force field (ERICA FF1) which constitute different atom types needed for these simulations which are not included in previous cement force fields (Cement FF1 (2) and Cement FF2 (3)â .

EPFL2022

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Review on ventilation rates in the ventilated air-spaces behind common wall assemblies with external cladding

Dolaana Khovalyg, Mohammad Rahiminejad

For many decades, ventilated cavities in wall assemblies of buildings have been essential for creating moisture resilient constructions by allowing airflow within the air gap to promote drying. In addition to that, the airflow in the cavity can enhance the thermal performance of the building envelope, depending on the air change rate and outdoor conditions. Therefore, the effective factors on the air change rate in the ventilated cavity behind common wall assemblies with external cladding are specified in the present study. As a first step, the analysis of the stack effect and wind effect as mechanisms that drive the airflow in the ventilated air-space available in the literature is reviewed. Moreover, the hydraulic network of pressure losses along the wall cavity is analyzed, and various correlations for the loss factors are described. Despite separate studies analyzing the effect of the ventilated cavity on moisture dissipation through water-permeable materials, a comprehensive overview of the airflow rates behind the ventilated wall assemblies is still lacking. Therefore, as the second step in this paper, existing methods of predicting air-change rates behind the ventilated cladding systems are classified and compared with the measured data. The amount of air change rate in the ventilated air gaps behind brick, cement & stucco, ceramic, wood, and other types of external facades are studied through a comprehensive review of relevant publications. Based on the observations, the maximum air change rate in the air-spaces behind open joint claddings such as the ceramic wall is nearly two times compared to the closed joint claddings such as the brick wall.

2020

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Thermal resistance of ventilated air-spaces behind external claddings; definitions and challenges (ASHRAE 1759-RP)

Dolaana Khovalyg, Mohammad Rahiminejad

The presence of an air-space within a building envelope is known to have a varying contribution to the overall thermal performance of the wall assembly due to the combined effect of convection and radiation in the air cavity. In particular, the thermal resistance of a ventilated air-space can vary significantly depending on multiple environmental and thermo-physical parameters. Although the thermal resistance of enclosed air-spaces in the building structures has been thoroughly investigated in the literature, it has not been defined for a ventilated cavity. This paper aims to introduce the plausible definitions of the thermal resistance of a vertical ventilated air-space behind external cladding systems. Both theoretical and applied formulations are provided and compared. The energy balance method is used to model the steady-state heat transfer through two types of traditional external wall systems (i.e., brick and vinyl siding) in summer and winter conditions. A range of air exchange rates in the cavity is examined, and the effect of the presence of reflective insulation in the air-space on the thermal resistance of the air gap is analyzed. The results show that the presence of a ventilated cavity in the wall assembly can influence the thermal performance of the building envelope. In particular, the effective thermal resistance of a ventilated air-space behind a brick cladding wall could be between 0.17 and 1.85 times the thermal resistance of the cladding in the range of air change rate in the cavity from 0 to 100 1/h. The effective thermal resistance of the ventilated air gap behind vinyl siding could reach up to 9 times the thermal resistance of the cladding.

2021

Chargement

MSE-322: Building materials + Laboratory work

Science des matériaux de construction non métalliques les plus utilisés et plus particulièrement des matériaux cimentaires (béton). Composition chimique, fabrication et comportement sur la durée.

MSE-171: Materials

Une introduction à la science des matériaux appliquée aux matériaux de construction courants, en particulier le béton et les métaux. Description de leur fabrication, leurs comportements mécanique et thermique et leur utilisation en construction.

AR-340: Building technology V

Technologie du Bâti V aborde le bâtiment comme un système d'opérations techniques et culturelles invoquant des choix liés à l'environnement, au matériau, à la structure, et au montage. L'objectif du cours est d'amener les étudiants à acquérir des compétences sur la conception critique du bâtiment.

Béton de ciment

thumb|upright=1.0|Un mètre cube de béton (représentant la production mondiale annuelle de béton par habitant). Le béton de ciment, couramment appelé béton, est un mélange de ciment, de granulats, d'e

Mortier (matériau)

thumb|Trois briques maintenues ensemble par un mortier. Le mortier est le mélange à consistance de pâte ou de boue, d'un liant et d'agrégats avec de l'eau. Il est utilisé en maçonnerie comme élément

Maçonnerie

La maçonnerie est l'art de bâtir une construction par l'assemblage de matériaux élémentaires, liés ou non par un mortier. C'est l'art du maçon par définition mais aussi le résultat de son travail.