Royal intermarriage is the practice of members of ruling dynasties marrying into other reigning families. It was more commonly done in the past as part of strategic diplomacy for national interest. Although sometimes enforced by legal requirement on persons of royal birth, more often it has been a matter of political policy or tradition in monarchies.
In Europe, the practice was most prevalent from the medieval era until the outbreak of World War I, but evidence of intermarriage between royal dynasties in other parts of the world can be found as far back as the Late Bronze Age. Monarchs were often in pursuit of national and international aggrandisement on behalf of themselves and their dynasties, thus bonds of kinship tended to promote or restrain aggression. Marriage between dynasties could serve to initiate, reinforce or guarantee peace between nations. Alternatively, kinship by marriage could secure an alliance between two dynasties which sought to reduce the sense of threat from or to initiate aggression against the realm of a third dynasty. It could also enhance the prospect of territorial acquisition for a dynasty by procuring legal claim to a foreign throne, or portions of its realm (e.g., colonies), through inheritance from an heiress whenever a monarch failed to leave an undisputed male heir.
In parts of Europe, royalty continued to regularly marry into the families of their greatest vassals as late as the 16th century. More recently, they have tended to marry internationally. In other parts of the world royal intermarriage was less prevalent and the number of instances varied over time, depending on the culture and foreign policy of the era.
While the contemporary Western ideal sees marriage as a unique bond between two people who are in love, families in which heredity is central to power or inheritance (such as royal families) have often seen marriage in a different light. There are often political or other non-romantic functions that must be served and the relative wealth and power of the potential spouses may be considered.
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House laws (Hausgesetze) are rules that govern a royal family or dynasty in matters of eligibility for succession to a throne, membership in a dynasty, exercise of a regency, or entitlement to dynastic rank, titles and styles. Prevalent in European monarchies during the nineteenth century, few countries have house laws any longer, so that they are, as a category of law, of more historical than current significance. If applied today, house laws are mostly upheld by members of royal and princely families as a matter of tradition.
Un mariage morganatique est l'union entre un souverain ou une souveraine, ou un prince ou une princesse d'une maison régnante, avec une personne de rang inférieur. L'époux est alors qualifié d'« époux morganatique » et se voit attribuer un titre de noblesse à défaut de celui de « prince/reine (consort) » qui lui est refusé. De plus, les enfants d'un mariage morganatique ne sont pas dynastes et donc exclus de la succession au trône.
Dans les sociétés lignagères, une dynastie est une succession de dirigeants d'une même famille. Les historiens divisent l’histoire de certains États avec les différentes dynasties qui se sont succédé au pouvoir ; il en est ainsi de la Chine, de l’Égypte ancienne, de la Perse ou du Royaume de France. Le mot « dynastie » vient du grec dunasteia, δυναστεία, lui-même dérivé de dunastes, δυνάστης, dirigeant ou officier.