Résumé
In databases, and transaction processing (transaction management), snapshot isolation is a guarantee that all reads made in a transaction will see a consistent snapshot of the database (in practice it reads the last committed values that existed at the time it started), and the transaction itself will successfully commit only if no updates it has made conflict with any concurrent updates made since that snapshot. Snapshot isolation has been adopted by several major database management systems, such as InterBase, Firebird, Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Anywhere, MongoDB and Microsoft SQL Server (2005 and later). The main reason for its adoption is that it allows better performance than serializability, yet still avoids most of the concurrency anomalies that serializability avoids (but not all). In practice snapshot isolation is implemented within multiversion concurrency control (MVCC), where generational values of each data item (versions) are maintained: MVCC is a common way to increase concurrency and performance by generating a new version of a database object each time the object is written, and allowing transactions' read operations of several last relevant versions (of each object). Snapshot isolation has been used to criticize the ANSI SQL-92 standard's definition of isolation levels, as it exhibits none of the "anomalies" that the SQL standard prohibited, yet is not serializable (the anomaly-free isolation level defined by ANSI). In spite of its distinction from serializability, snapshot isolation is sometimes referred to as serializable by Oracle. A transaction executing under snapshot isolation appears to operate on a personal snapshot of the database, taken at the start of the transaction. When the transaction concludes, it will successfully commit only if the values updated by the transaction have not been changed externally since the snapshot was taken. Such a write–write conflict will cause the transaction to abort. In a write skew anomaly, two transactions (T1 and T2) concurrently read an overlapping data set (e.
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Concepts associés (6)
Isolation (informatique)
Dans les systèmes de gestion de base de données (SGBD), l'isolation est la capacité d'un système d'isoler les modifications dans une transaction en cours de celles faites dans les autres transactions conduites simultanément, jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit complétée. C'est l'une des quatre propriétés ACID d'une base de données. L'isolation des transactions d'une base données est assurée par son moteur de stockage, par un contrôle de concurrence entre elles.
Serializability
In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and various transactional applications (e.g., transactional memory and software transactional memory), both centralized and distributed, a transaction schedule is serializable if its outcome (e.g., the resulting database state) is equal to the outcome of its transactions executed serially, i.e. without overlapping in time. Transactions are normally executed concurrently (they overlap), since this is the most efficient way.
Multiversion Concurrency Control
Multiversion concurrency control (abrégé en MCC ou MVCC) est une méthode informatique de contrôle des accès concurrents fréquemment utilisée dans les systèmes de gestion de base de données et les langages de programmation concernant la gestion des caches en mémoire. Le principe de MVCC repose sur un verrouillage dit optimiste contrairement au verrouillage pessimiste qui consiste à bloquer préalablement les objets à des garanties de bonne fin. L'inconvénient logique est qu'une mise à jour peut être annulée du fait d'un "blocage" en fin de traitement.
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