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Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene cause late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Emerging evidence suggests a role for LRRK2 in the endocytic pathway. Here, we show that LRRK2 is released in extracellular microvesicles (i.e. exosomes) ...
During early somite stages of development, the broad endoderm-derived foregut and hindgut territories become further subdivided along the antero-posterior axis into organs. One of these organs is the pancreas which serves two major physiological functions: ...
Transient gene expression (TGE) from mammalian cells is an increasingly important tool for the rapid production of recombinant proteins for research applications in biochemistry, structural biology, and biomedicine. Here we review methods for the transfect ...
A species-specific number of segments is a hallmark of the vertebrate body plan. The first segmental structures in the vertebrate embryo are the somites, which bud sequentially from the growing presomitic mesoderm (PSM). The Clock and Wavefront model for s ...
Hox genes encode transcription factors that play a central role in the specification of regional identities along the anterior to posterior body axis. In the developing mouse embryo, Hox genes from all four genomic clusters are involved in range of develop ...
The fate of pluripotent cells in early mouse embryos is controlled by graded Nodal signals that are activated by the endoproteases Furin and Pace4. Soluble forms of Furin and Pace4 cleave proNodal in vitro and after secretion in transfected cells, but dire ...
We report on a systematic study of the growth of epitaxial TiO2 films deposited by pulsed laser deposition on Ti-terminated SrTiO3 (001) single crystals. By using in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction, low energy electron diffraction, x-ray p ...
The present invention relates to a solar cell comprising a support (6), a back electrode layer (5), at least a hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon photoelectric device (9), and a top electrode layer (11). The back electrode layer (5) has a rough surface. ...
Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are key to skin morphogenesis and homeostasis. We report that maintenance of the hair follicle keratinocyte cell fate is defective in mice with mesenchymal deletion of the CSL/RBP-Jkappa gene, the effector of "canonical" ...
The gene uncx4.1 is a paired-type homeobox transcription factor, expressed during zebrafish embryonic development in branchial arches, somites, CNS and pronephric ducts. In particular, the expression at the somite level is detectable from 5ss stage and bec ...