Yoga (philosophy)

Yoga philosophy is one of the six major orthodox schools of Hinduism, though it is only at the end of the first millennium CE that Yoga is mentioned as a separate school of thought in Indian texts, distinct from Samkhya. Ancient, medieval and most modern literature often refers to Yoga-philosophy simply as Yoga. A systematic collection of ideas of Yoga is found in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, a key text of Yoga which has influenced all other schools of Indian philosophy. The metaphysics of Yoga is Samkhya's dualism, in which the universe is conceptualized as composed of two realities: Puruṣa (witness-consciousness) and Prakṛti (nature). Jiva (a living being) is considered as a state in which puruṣa is bonded to Prakṛti in some form, in various permutations and combinations of various elements, senses, feelings, activity and mind. During the state of imbalance or ignorance, one or more constituents overwhelm the others, creating a form of bondage. The end of this bondage is called liberation, or mokṣa, by both the Yoga and Samkhya schools of Hinduism, and can be attained by insight and self-restraint. The ethical theory of Yoga-philosophy is based on Yamas and Niyama, as well as elements of the Guṇa theory of Samkhya. The epistemology of Yoga-philosophy, like the Sāmkhya school, relies on three of six Pramanas as the means of gaining reliable knowledge. These include Pratyakṣa (perception), Anumāṇa (inference) and Sabda (Āptavacana, word/testimony of reliable sources). Yoga-philosophy differs from the closely related non-theistic/atheistic Samkhya school by incorporating the concept of a "personal, yet essentially inactive, deity" or "personal god" (Ishvara). The origins of yoga-practice are unclear, but seems to have developed in ascetic milieus in the first millennium BCE. Some of its earliest discussions and of proto-Samkhya ideas are found in 1st millennium BCE Indian texts such as the Katha Upanishad, the Shvetashvatara Upanishad and the Maitri Upanishad. The root of the word "Yoga" is found in hymn 5.81.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Concepts associés (30)

Bādarāyaṇa

Badarayana (IAST Bādarāyaṇa; Devanāgari बादरायण) was an Indian philosopher and sage who was the reputed author of the Brahma Sutras, the source text for the Hindu philosophical school of Vedānta. Estimates of his lifetime vary very widely from around fifth century BCE to third or fourth century CE. His work Brahma Sutras is variously dated from 500 BCE to 450 CE. The Brahma Sutras of Bādarāyana, also called the Vedanta Sutra, was compiled in its present form around 400–450 CE, but "the great part of the Sutra must have been in existence much earlier than that".

Sattva

Sattva (devanāgarī: सत्त्व) est un terme sanskrit qui signifie notamment : . Dans la philosophie du Sāṃkhya, sattva (blanc) est l'une des trois qualités (guṇa) de la nature, l'essence sainte de la pureté et de la vérité, luminosité, élément de légèreté, de transparence. Dans le chapitre quatorze de la Bhagavad-Gītā, Krishna explique à Arjuna ce que sont les trois guṇa, qualités de Prakṛti à l'état manifesté.

Pardon

vignette|Dans le Christianisme le pardon est lié à la miséricorde culte popularisé par Sainte Faustine au XXe siècle Le pardon est le résultat de l'acte de pardonner, la rémission d'une faute. C'est tenir une offense, une faute, pour nulle (ou l'excuser) et renoncer soit – au plan personnel – à en tirer vengeance, soit – au plan institutionnel – à poursuivre et à punir les responsables. Le pardon ne doit pas cependant être confondu avec l'amnistie qui est un simple effacement de peine.