Sursaut gamma | EPFL Graph Search

vignette|Sursaut gamma (vue d'artiste). Un sursaut gamma ou sursaut de rayons gamma (SRG ; en anglais gamma-ray bursts, abrégé en GRB ; quelquefois traduit par « explosion de rayons gamma ») est en astronomie une bouffée de photons gamma qui apparaît de manière aléatoire dans le ciel. Il est caractérisé par sa brièveté (de quelques secondes à quelques minutes) et par la forme particulière de la courbe de lumière. Il est prolongé par des émissions rémanentes, à des longueurs d'onde plus grandes, qui peuvent durer jusqu'à plusieurs mois en s'affaiblissant progressivement. Ce phénomène déclenche l'émission d'un faisceau étroit et symétrique de matière atteignant des vitesses relativistes. Les sursauts gamma, observés au rythme moyen d'un par jour, ont leurs sources dans d'autres galaxies que la nôtre, et semblent représenter les événements les plus lumineux de l'Univers, après le Big Bang. Ils ont été découverts accidentellement en 1967 et ne commencent à être expliqués qu'au milieu des

ORIGIN: metal creation and evolution from the cosmic dawn

Alexey Boyarsky, Simone Campana, Oleg Ruchayskiy, Douglas Cameron Watson

ORIGIN is a proposal for the M3 mission call of ESA aimed at the study of metal creation from the epoch of cosmic dawn. Using high-spectral resolution in the soft X-ray band, ORIGIN will be able to identify the physical conditions of all abundant elements between C and Ni to red-shifts of z = 10, and beyond. The mission will answer questions such as: When were the first metals created? How does the cosmic metal content evolve? Where do most of the metals reside in the Universe? What is the role of metals in structure formation and evolution? To reach out to the early Universe ORIGIN will use Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) to study their local environments in their host galaxies. This requires the capability to slew the satellite in less than a minute to the GRB location. By studying the chemical composition and properties of clusters of galaxies we can extend the range of exploration to lower redshifts (z similar to 0.2). For this task we need a high-resolution spectral imaging instrument with a large field of view. Using the same instrument, we can also study the so far only partially detected baryons in the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). The less dense part of the WHIM will be studied using absorption lines at low redshift in the spectra for GRBs. The ORIGIN mission includes a Transient Event Detector (coded mask with a sensitivity of 0.4 photon/cm(2)/s in 10 s in the 5-150 keV band) to identify and localize 2000 GRBs over a five year mission, of which similar to 65 GRBs have a redshift > 7. The Cryogenic Imaging Spectrometer, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV, a field of view of 30 arcmin and large effective area below 1 keV has the sensitivity to study clusters up to a significant fraction of the virial radius and to map the denser parts of the WHIM (factor 30 higher than achievable with current instruments). The payload is complemented by a Burst InfraRed Telescope to enable onboard red-shift determination of GRBs (hence securing proper follow up of high-z bursts) and also probes the mildly ionized state of the gas. Fast repointing is achieved by a dedicated Controlled Momentum Gyro and a low background is achieved by the selected low Earth orbit.

Springer2012

Femtolensing by dark matter revisited

Sergey Sibiryakov, Wei Xue

Femtolensing of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) has been put forward as an exciting possibility to probe exotic astrophysical objects with masses below 10(-13) solar masses such as small primordial black holes or ultra-compact dark matter minihalos, made up for instance of QCD axions. In this paper we critically review this idea, properly taking into account the extended nature of the source as well as wave optics effects. We demonstrate that most GRBs are inappropriate for femtolensing searches due to their large sizes. This removes the previous femtolensing bounds on primordial black holes, implying that vast regions of parameter space for primordial black hole dark matter are not robustly constrained. Still, we entertain the possibility that a small fraction of GRBs, characterized by fast variability can have smaller sizes and be useful. However, a large number of such bursts would need to be observed to achieve meaningful constraints. We study the sensitivity of future observations as a function of the number of detected GRBs and of the size of the emission region.

IOP PUBLISHING LTD2018

Detectability of Large Correlation Length Inflationary Magnetic Field with Cherenkov Telescopes

Magnetic fields occupying the voids of the large scale structure may be a relic from the Early Universe originating from either Inflation or from cosmological phase transitions. We explore the possibility of identifying the inflationary origin of the void magnetic fields and measuring its parameters with gamma-ray astronomy methods. The large correlation length inflationary field is expected to impose a characteristic asymmetry of extended gamma-ray emission that is correlated between different sources on the sky. We show that a set of nearby blazars for which the extended emission is observable in the 0.1-1 TeV band with CTA can be used for the test of inflationary origin of the void magnetic fields.

2022

ORIGIN: metal creation and evolution from the cosmic dawn

Alexey Boyarsky, Simone Campana, Oleg Ruchayskiy, Douglas Cameron Watson

Springer2012