Lateral prefrontal cortexIn human brain anatomy, the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is part of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). According to Striedter the PFC of humans can be delineated into two functionally, morphologically, and evolutionarily different regions: the ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) present in all mammals and the LPFC present only in primates. The LPFC contains the Brodmann areas BA8, BA9, BA10, BA45, BA46, and BA47. Some researchers also include BA44.
Glia limitansThe glia limitans, or the glial limiting membrane, is a thin barrier of astrocyte foot processes associated with the parenchymal basal lamina surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost layer of neural tissue, and among its responsibilities is the prevention of the over-migration of neurons and neuroglia, the supporting cells of the nervous system, into the meninges. The glia limitans also plays an important role in regulating the movement of small molecules and cells into the brain tissue by working in concert with other components of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
Radiation optiqueLa radiation optique désigne le faisceau d'axones issus des neurones de projection du corps géniculé latéral appartenant au thalamus et se terminant au niveau de la scissure calcarine du cortex occipital ipsilatéral. Ces voies nerveuses contribuent à la transmission de l'information visuelle consciente si bien qu'une lésion d'une radiation optique conduit à une quadranopsie, la perte partielle ou totale d'un quart d'un hémi champ visuel. Il y a une radiation optique dans chaque hémisphère, on parle donc en général des radiations optiques au pluriel.
Peripheral chemoreceptorsPeripheral chemoreceptors (of the carotid and aortic bodies) are so named because they are sensory extensions of the peripheral nervous system into blood vessels where they detect changes in chemical concentrations. As transducers of patterns of variability in the surrounding environment, carotid and aortic bodies count as chemosensors in a similar way as taste buds and photoreceptors. However, because carotid and aortic bodies detect variation within the body's internal organs, they are considered interoceptors.
Gyrus frontal supérieurLe gyrus frontal supérieur F est un gyrus du lobe frontal du cortex cérébral, situé sur la convexité hémisphérique et limité en bas par le sillon frontal supérieur. Ce gyrus comporte deux segments : un segment supérieur ou dorsal qui longe le bord supérieur de l'hémisphère, limité en dedans par le sillon cingulaire et en dehors par le sillon frontal supérieur. Il est donc à cheval sur le bord de l'hémisphère, avec une partie sur la face interne et une autre sur la face externe.
Brain cellBrain cells make up the functional tissue of the brain. The rest of the brain tissue is structural or connective called the stroma which includes blood vessels. The two main types of cells in the brain are neurons, also known as nerve cells, and glial cells also known as neuroglia. Neurons are the excitable cells of the brain that function by communicating with other neurons and interneurons (via synapses), in neural circuits and larger brain networks.
NeurocrâneIn human anatomy, the neurocranium, also known as the braincase, brainpan, or brain-pan is the upper and back part of the skull, which forms a protective case around the brain. In the human skull, the neurocranium includes the calvaria or skullcap. The remainder of the skull is the facial skeleton. In comparative anatomy, neurocranium is sometimes used synonymously with endocranium or chondrocranium. The neurocranium is divided into two portions: the membranous part, consisting of flat bones, which surround the brain; and the cartilaginous part, or chondrocranium, which forms bones of the base of the skull.
Bayesian approaches to brain functionBayesian approaches to brain function investigate the capacity of the nervous system to operate in situations of uncertainty in a fashion that is close to the optimal prescribed by Bayesian statistics. This term is used in behavioural sciences and neuroscience and studies associated with this term often strive to explain the brain's cognitive abilities based on statistical principles. It is frequently assumed that the nervous system maintains internal probabilistic models that are updated by neural processing of sensory information using methods approximating those of Bayesian probability.
Confluent des sinusLe confluent des sinus (appelé aussi torcular, torcular d’Hérophile, torcular Herophili ou pressoir d’Hérophile dans l'ancienne nomenclature), est l'une des principales zones de confluence veineuse du cerveau. Il fait partie des sinus veineux crâniens ou sinus dure-mériens formés par la duplication de la dure-mère. Torcular est une traduction latine du terme d’Hérophile en grec ancien / lénos, mot désignant une cuve de pressoir. Il est situé au niveau de la protubérance occipitale.
Cerebral circulationCerebral circulation is the movement of blood through a network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain. The rate of cerebral blood flow in an adult human is typically 750 milliliters per minute, or about 15% of cardiac output. Arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain. Veins carry "used or spent" blood back to the heart, to remove carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and other metabolic products. The neurovascular unit regulates cerebral blood flow so that activated neurons can be supplied with energy in the right amount and at the right time.
