In cryptography, a pre-shared key (PSK) is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs to be used.
To build a key from shared secret, the key derivation function is typically used. Such systems almost always use symmetric key cryptographic algorithms. The term PSK is used in Wi-Fi encryption such as Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), where the method is called WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK, and also in the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), where it is known as EAP-PSK. In all these cases, both the wireless access points (AP) and all clients share the same key.
The characteristics of this secret or key are determined by the system which uses it; some system designs require that such keys be in a particular format. It can be a password, a passphrase, or a hexadecimal string. The secret is used by all systems involved in the cryptographic processes used to secure the traffic between the systems.
Crypto systems rely on one or more keys for confidentiality. One particular attack is always possible against keys, the brute force key space search attack. A sufficiently long, randomly chosen, key can resist any practical brute force attack, though not in principle if an attacker has sufficient computational power (see password strength and password cracking for more discussion). Unavoidably, however, pre-shared keys are held by both parties to the communication, and so can be compromised at one end, without the knowledge of anyone at the other. There are several tools available to help one choose strong passwords, though doing so over any network connection is inherently unsafe as one cannot in general know who, if anyone, may be eavesdropping on the interaction. Choosing keys used by cryptographic algorithms is somewhat different in that any pattern whatsoever should be avoided, as any such pattern may provide an attacker with a lower effort attack than brute force search.
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This course introduces the basics of cryptography. We review several types of cryptographic primitives, when it is safe to use them and how to select the appropriate security parameters. We detail how
Information-theoretic methods and their application to secrecy & privacy. Perfect information-theoretic secrecy. Randomness extraction & privacy amplification. Secret key generation from common random
This is an introductory course to computer security and privacy. Its goal is to provide students with means to reason about security and privacy problems, and provide them with tools to confront them.
Concepts associés (4)
thumb|La machine de Lorenz utilisée par les nazis durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour chiffrer les communications militaires de haut niveau entre Berlin et les quartiers-généraux des différentes armées. La cryptographie est une des disciplines de la cryptologie s'attachant à protéger des messages (assurant confidentialité, authenticité et intégrité) en s'aidant souvent de secrets ou clés. Elle se distingue de la stéganographie qui fait passer inaperçu un message dans un autre message alors que la cryptographie rend un message supposément inintelligible à autre que qui de droit.
In cryptography, a pre-shared key (PSK) is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs to be used. To build a key from shared secret, the key derivation function is typically used. Such systems almost always use symmetric key cryptographic algorithms. The term PSK is used in Wi-Fi encryption such as Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), where the method is called WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK, and also in the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), where it is known as EAP-PSK.
La Transport Layer Security (TLS) ou « Sécurité de la couche de transport », et son prédécesseur la Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) ou « Couche de sockets sécurisée », sont des protocoles de sécurisation des échanges par réseau informatique, notamment par Internet. Le protocole SSL a été développé à l'origine par Netscape Communications Corporation pour son navigateur Web. L'organisme de normalisation Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) en a poursuivi le développement en le rebaptisant Transport Layer Security (TLS).
Introduit la cryptographie à clé secrète, couvrant le chiffrement unique, les défauts dans le partage des clés, et les principes et le fonctionnement de la norme de chiffrement des données (DES).
Our main motivation is to design more user-friendly security protocols. Indeed, if the use of the protocol is tedious, most users will not behave correctly and, consequently, security issues occur. An