Rigidité de BornLe critère de rigidité de Born désigne un concept de relativité restreinte introduit par le physicien allemand Max Born. Ce critère permet de définir un équivalent relativiste du concept de corps rigide utilisé en mécanique classique. Classiquement, un corps est considéré comme rigide si la distance entre deux points donnés ne varie pas au cours du temps. Du fait de la contraction des longueurs, cette notion de distance constante n'est plus utilisable en relativité.
Acceleration (special relativity)Accelerations in special relativity (SR) follow, as in Newtonian Mechanics, by differentiation of velocity with respect to time. Because of the Lorentz transformation and time dilation, the concepts of time and distance become more complex, which also leads to more complex definitions of "acceleration". SR as the theory of flat Minkowski spacetime remains valid in the presence of accelerations, because general relativity (GR) is only required when there is curvature of spacetime caused by the energy–momentum tensor (which is mainly determined by mass).
Proper reference frame (flat spacetime)A proper reference frame in the theory of relativity is a particular form of accelerated reference frame, that is, a reference frame in which an accelerated observer can be considered as being at rest. It can describe phenomena in curved spacetime, as well as in "flat" Minkowski spacetime in which the spacetime curvature caused by the energy–momentum tensor can be disregarded.
Rindler coordinatesRindler coordinates are a coordinate system used in the context of special relativity to describe the hyperbolic acceleration of a uniformly accelerating reference frame in flat spacetime. In relativistic physics the coordinates of a hyperbolically accelerated reference frame constitute an important and useful coordinate chart representing part of flat Minkowski spacetime. In special relativity, a uniformly accelerating particle undergoes hyperbolic motion, for which a uniformly accelerating frame of reference in which it is at rest can be chosen as its proper reference frame.
Four-accelerationIn the theory of relativity, four-acceleration is a four-vector (vector in four-dimensional spacetime) that is analogous to classical acceleration (a three-dimensional vector, see three-acceleration in special relativity). Four-acceleration has applications in areas such as the annihilation of antiprotons, resonance of strange particles and radiation of an accelerated charge. In inertial coordinates in special relativity, four-acceleration is defined as the rate of change in four-velocity with respect to the particle's proper time along its worldline.
Relativité restreinteLa relativité restreinte est la théorie élaborée par Albert Einstein en 1905 en vue de tirer toutes les conséquences physiques de la relativité galiléenne et du principe selon lequel la vitesse de la lumière dans le vide a la même valeur dans tous les référentiels galiléens (ou inertiels), ce qui était implicitement énoncé dans les équations de Maxwell (mais interprété bien différemment jusque-là, avec « l'espace absolu » de Newton et léther).
