Organotin chemistryOrganotin chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organotin compounds or stannanes, which are organometallic compounds containing tin carbon bonds. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide (), discovered by Edward Frankland in 1849. The area grew rapidly in the 1900s, especially after the discovery of the Grignard reagents, which are useful for producing Sn–C bonds. The area remains rich with many applications in industry and continuing activity in the research laboratory.
Carbonyl reductionIn organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the organic reduction of any carbonyl group by a reducing agent. Typical carbonyl compounds are ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, and acid halides. Carboxylic acids, esters, and acid halides can be reduced to either aldehydes or a step further to primary alcohols, depending on the strength of the reducing agent; aldehydes and ketones can be reduced respectively to primary and secondary alcohols. In deoxygenation, the alcohol can be further reduced and removed altogether.
CrotonisationLa crotonisation est une réaction de déshydratation d'un bêta-aldol ou d'un bêta-cétol, formant une alpha-énone. Cet aldol/cétol résulte lui-même de l'aldolisation (condensation aldolique) d'un composé carbonylé (aldéhyde ou cétone) avec un énol, c'est-à-dire en général d'un composé carbonylé énolisable (aldéhyde ou cétone ayant un hydrogène en α). La crotonisation peut s'effectuer en milieu acide ou basique sinon par activation thermique.
