Kelmendi is a historical Albanian tribe (fis) and region in Malësia (Kelmend municipality) and eastern Montenegro (parts of Gusinje Municipality). It is located in the upper valley of the Cem river and its tributaries in the Accursed Mountains range of the Dinaric Alps. The Vermosh river springs in the village of the same, which is Albania's northernmost village. Vermosh pours into Lake Plav.
Kelmendi is mentioned as early as the 14th century and as a territorial tribe it developed in the 15th century. In the Balkans, it is widely known historically for its longtime resistance to the Ottoman Empire and its extensive battles and raids against the Ottomans which reached as far north as Bosnia and as far east as Bulgaria. By the 17th century, they had grown so much in numbers and strength that their name was sometimes used for all tribes of northern Albania and Montenegro. The Ottomans tried several times to expel them completely from their home territory and forcefully settle them elsewhere, but the community returned to its ancestral lands again and again.
Kelmendi's legacy is found throughout the region. Kelmendi is found beyond the Cem valley (Selcë, Vukël, Nikç and others), Gusinje (in particular, the villages Vusanje, Doli, Martinovići and Gusinje itself) and Plav (Hakaj) to the east in Rožaje and the Pešter plateau. In Kosovo, descendants of Kelmendi live in the Rugova Canyon and western Kosovo mainly. In Montenegro, half of the tribe (pleme) of Old Ceklin and a part of Kuči which settled there in the 16th century come from Kelmendi. The northernmost settlement from Kelmendi is in the villages of Hrtkovci and Nikinci in Syrmia when 1,600 Catholic Albanian refugees settled there in 1737.
A folk etymology explains it as Kol Mendi. The historical origin of the toponym is traced to the Roman fort of Clementiana which Procopius of Caesarea mentions in the mid 6th century in the road that connected Scodra and Petrizên. As a surname it first appears in 1353 in a Latin document which mentions dominus Georgius filius Georgii Clementi de Spasso (Lord Georgius, son of Georgius Clementi of Spas) in northern Albania.
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Rugova (Rugova or Rugovë; Rugova) is a mountain region located to the north-west of the city of Peja, in Kosovo. According to notes of Rugova it has been inhabited since before the 12th century. In 2013, it was designated a national park by the Parliament of Kosovo. Rugova is an ethnographically diverse region, with great importance for the literary branches of lexicology, etymology and onomastics. Rugova is a suitable region for hiking, skiing, mountaineering, paragliding, and picnics.
vignette|alt=À travers une eau transparente, des cailloux bleus. Puis des reflets lumineux. Puis une passerelle fragile montée sur de hautes perches de bois ; puis une montagne arborée bouche la vue.|Passerelle sur la rivière Shala dans le Prokletije. Juillet 2018. Prokletije (en serbe), ou Prokletija (en bulgare), ou Bjeshkët e Nemuna en albanais (les « monts maudits »), également connue sous le nom Alpes albanaises, est une chaîne de montagnes dans le Nord de l’Albanie, l’Est du Monténégro, l'Ouest du Kosovo et le Sud de la Serbie Son point culminant, le Maja e Jezercës (la « crête du lac » en français), culmine en Albanie à ce qui en fait le point culminant des Alpes dinariques.
Pejë (en albanais) ou Peć (en serbe latin, Пећ en serbe cyrillique) est une ville et une commune/municipalité du Kosovo. Elle fait partie du district de Pejë/Peć. En 2009, la population de la commune/municipalité était estimée par l'OSCE à . Selon le recensement kosovar de 2011, la ville intra muros compte et la commune/municipalité . Pejë/Peć est le centre administratif du district de Pejë/Peć. Elle est également le siège du Patriarcat de Peć, le centre religieux historique de l'Église orthodoxe de Serbie.