Public participation

Résumé

Public participation, also known as citizen participation or patient and public involvement, is the inclusion of the public in the activities of any organization or project. Public participation is similar to but more inclusive than stakeholder engagement. Generally public participation seeks and facilitates the involvement of those potentially affected by or interested in a decision. This can be in relation to individuals, governments, institutions, companies or any other entities that affect public interests. The principle of public participation holds that those who are affected by a decision have a right to be involved in the decision-making process. Public participation implies that the public's contribution will influence the decision. Public participation may be regarded as a form of empowerment and as vital part of democratic governance. In the context of knowledge management the establishment of ongoing participatory processes is seen by some in t

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_participation

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Participation processes in the field of public transportation

Levy Sharabi

As the complexity of urban planning increases by the discovery of new issues and new dynamics, it appears that the “role of the planner as the technical expert just supporting the political decision makers has been progressively substituted by the awareness of the wicked nature of planning problems” (Balducci and Mäntysalo 2013) and that “the notion of value-neutral expertise is no longer widely accepted” (Innes 1998). In this framework, an attempt to show the necessity for participation in public transportation planning for sustainable development derived to a proposal for defining the framework of participation, based on theories of communication, and a proposal for a series of important aspects to be taken into consideration for designing and assessing a participation framework, based on additional theories of participation processes. The study of two case studies in Switzerland and in Japan is then analysed with this framework and the results are discussed in a comparison, putting into perspective the specificities of each case with the aim of bringing a better insight about participation framework and processes. The extent to which are influenced public transportation in each case is also assessed, highlighting the need to focus on an issue specific to this transportation mode in order to make the study of participation process in this field relevant. Finally, a set of recommendation is proposed, based on the theory from the first part and the points highlighted in the second part. EPFL

2018

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The consequence of linguistic digital exclusion is the inability of billions of people to access vital knowledge and economic resources that contribute to prosperity in an era of globalization. However, rectifying linguistic inequity is mostly absent from development discourse and the agendas of governments and agencies that undertake development activities. Most efforts to produce content for excluded languages depend on the haphazard occurrence of a commercial, academic, or programmatic purpose for an activity in a given language at a particular moment. The Kamusi Project seeks to address the digital linguistic divide by engaging communities in the systematic collection of codified data for any language – linguistic information that can be used in many kinds of advanced knowledge and technology resources. This paper explores assumptions about participants’ motivations and behaviors that underlie the project’s methods, including participation in online games and interactive mobile apps intended to elicit speakers’ knowledge of their own languages in ways that can be shared by others. While the Kamusi system aims to welcome all, disparities may continue to exclude those without substantial time, network access, equipment, digital experience, or literacy, leaving international members of a diasporic language group as its most active contributors. Further, smaller and more remote languages have, by definition, fewer potential participants and less access for participation, thus perpetuating their inability to jump the digital divide. Without external support for the time and effort necessary to gather linguistic knowledge, even the most carefully constructed tools will fail for thousands of languages spoken by millions of people, including many languages near extinction. This paper raises, without definitively resolving, the social challenges of a multilingual digital infrastructure platform that has the technical capacity to document every word in every language, but can only approach accomplishing this objective through the involvement of those who have the least access to taking part.

2015

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Installation de stockage pour déchets stabilisés: choix des sites d'implantation, processus de décision et de participation

1989

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2015